Functional dependency: A column “X” is said to be functionally dependent on another column “Y”, when at any point of time, a value for “X” determines a single value for “Y”. In other words, a column “X” is said to be functionally dependent on another column “Y”, when two tuples agree on attribute “X” values then they should also agree on attribute “Y” values. It is usually represented as “XY”, where the terms “X” and “Y” are composite. It can be said as either “Y” is functionally dependent on “X” or as “X” functionally determines “Y”. Normalization: Normalization refers to the method of representing a database in the terms of relations, which are in the standard normal forms. It is organized in a table manner to reduce data redundancy and data dependency. Third Normal Form (3NF): A table or a relation is said to be in third normal form if and only if it is in second normal form and if the candidate keys are its only determinants.

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6.3A-3. Multiple Access protocols (3). Consider the figure below, which shows the arrival of 6 messages for transmission at different multiple access wireless nodes at times t=0.1, 1.4, 1.8, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1. Each transmission requires exactly one time unit. 1 t=0.0 2 3 45 t=1.0 t-2.0 t-3.0 6 t=4.0 t-5.0 For the CSMA protocol (without collision detection), indicate which packets are successfully transmitted. You should assume that it takes .2 time units for a signal to propagate from one node to each of the other nodes. You can assume that if a packet experiences a collision or senses the channel busy, then that node will not attempt a retransmission of that packet until sometime after t=5. Hint: consider propagation times carefully here. (Note: You can find more examples of problems similar to this here B.] ☐ U ப 5 - 3 1 4 6 2

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Chapter 2, Problem 4TD

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Functional dependency:

A column “X” is said to be functionally dependent on another column “Y”, when at any point of time, a value for “X” determines a single value for “Y”.

In other words, a column “X” is said to be functionally dependent on another column “Y”, when two tuples agree on attribute “X” values then they should also agree on attribute “Y” values.

It is usually represented as “XY”, where the terms “X” and “Y” are composite.

It can be said as either “Y” is functionally dependent on “X” or as “X” functionally determines “Y”.

Normalization:

Normalization refers to the method of representing a database in the terms of relations, which are in the standard normal forms.

It is organized in a table manner to reduce data redundancy and data dependency.

Third Normal Form (3NF):

A table or a relation is said to be in third normal form if and only if it is in second normal form and if the candidate keys are its only determinants.

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