Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 2FTB
Fill-in-the-Blank
An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons is called a(n)_______. If an atom loses an electron it takes on a(n)_______ charge. If it gains an electron it takes on a(n)__________ charge. Atoms with opposite charges attract one another, forming ________ bonds. LO5
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An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons iscalled a(n)______ . If an atom loses an electron it takes on a(n)____________ charge. Atoms with opposite charges attract one another, forming______ bonds.
Fill in the blank, the parentheses are the choices for the blank:
When a sodium atom loses a single electron to become a sodium ion, it becomes _______ (negatively charged, postively charged). When a chlorine atom gains a single electron to become a chloride ion, it becomes ______ (negatively charged, postively charged)
Why the Number of Electrons Matter
Since we know each element as a defined number of protons, we can also use that number to determine the number of electrons, assuming the element has no charge. Let’s write some out:
ELEMENT
NUMBER OF PROTONS
NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
C
A
B
O
C
D
Al
E
F
Na
G
H
Si
I
J
Chapter 2 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 2 - Fill-in-the-Blank An atom consists of an atomic...Ch. 2 - Fill-in-the-Blank An atom that has lost or gained...Ch. 2 - Fill-in-the-Blank Atoms of the same element that...Ch. 2 - An atom with an outermost electron shell that is...Ch. 2 - Water is described as _____ because each water...Ch. 2 - Based on Table 2–1 how many neutrons are there in...Ch. 2 - Distinguish between atoms and molecules; between...Ch. 2 - Define isotopes and describe the properties of...Ch. 2 - 3. Compare and contrast covalent bonds and ionic...Ch. 2 - 4. Explain how polar covalent bonds allow hydrogen...
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- Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond? a. hydrogen bond b. ionic bond c. covalent bond d. polar covalent bondarrow_forwardWhat kinds of bonds often control the shape (or tertiary form) of large molecules such as proteins? a. hydrogen b. ionic c. covalent d. inert e. singlearrow_forwardA. The first shell corresponds to the first energy level, and it can hold up to 2 electrons. Hydrogen has one proton, so it has 1 electron and one vacancy. A helium atom has 2 protons, 2 electrons, and no vacancies. B. The second shell corresponds to the second energy level, and it can hold up to 8 electrons. Carbon has 6 electrons, so its first shell is full. Its second shell has 4 electrons and four vacancies. Oxygen has 8 electrons and two vacancies. Neon has 10 electrons and no vacancies. C. The third shell corresponds to the third energy level, and it can hold up to 8 electrons. A sodium atom has 11 electrons, so its first two shells are full; the third shell has one electron. Thus, sodium has seven vacancies. Chlorine has 17 electrons and one vacancy. Argon has 18 electrons and no vacancies. Figure It Out: Which of these models have unpaired electrons in their outer shell?arrow_forward
- Which of the following combinations describes the electron in the modern model of an atom? O negative charge and located in orbitals surrounding the nucleus Opositive charge and located in orbitals surrounding the nucleus negative charge and located in the nucleus Ono charge and located in the nucleusarrow_forwardAn atom that has lost an electron is said to be positive (positively charged) negative (negatively charged)arrow_forward___________ covalent bonds are between atoms which share the e- equally. Atoms will vary in their ________________________ and are often driven to pull on electrons from covalent bonds.arrow_forward
- Hydrogens have an atomic number of one, with one electron in it's outer most shell. If the hydrogen atom were to lose it's electron it would become: (select all the correct answer(s) by clicking on them) a different atom stable, non-reactive negatively charged Angry and pissed off! positively chargedarrow_forwardChemical bonding is a fundamental concept that explains how atoms combine to form compounds. There are several types of bonds, each with distinct properties and behaviors. Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. These ions are held together by electrostatic forces. Covalent bonds occur when atoms share pairs of electrons, leading to the formation of molecules. Metallic bonds, found in metals, involve a 'sea' of delocalized electrons surrounding positive metal ions. Each type of bond influences the physical properties of the substance. For example, ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points and conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water. Covalent compounds can have varying physical states and usually do not conduct electricity. Metals are characterized by their malleability, ductility, and electrical conductivity. Which type of bond is responsible for…arrow_forwardOrganic molecules contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms (and may have a few other elements as well). There are millions of kinds of organic molecules. They include molecules like: What is the smallest organic molecule?arrow_forward
- The protons and neutrons are contained within the of the atom. O Electron Cloud Atomic Center Middle O Nucleusarrow_forwardWhich substance is a molecule rather than an element? hydrogen carbon dioxide phosphorous alumínumarrow_forwardWhich of the following are true about covalent bonds? Select all that apply. In a covalent bond, one electron is transferred from one atom to another. A triple covalent bond forms when atoms share six electrons. A double covalent bond occurs in H,. A double covalent bond occurs when two atoms share two pairs of electrons. Single covalent bonds are quite strong, but double and triple bonds are even stronger.arrow_forward
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