Chapter 2, Problem 2.97P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas for ammonium and ammonia are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. In covalent bonding, there is a mutual attraction between two nuclei and the two electrons that reside between them. The elements that engage in covalent bond formation are present at the rightmost corner of the periodic table. These elements are non-metals. The interaction between two non-metal elements leads to the formation of a covalent bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas for magnesium sulfide, magnesium sulfite, and magnesium sulfate are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for naming ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In ionic compounds, the cations are named before the anions.

2) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the cation is the same as the name of the metal. The name of the anion includes the root name of the non-metal and a suffix $\text{-}ide$.

3) In polyatomic ions in which a non-metal is bonded to one or more oxygen atoms. In two oxoanions in the family, the ion with fewer oxygen atoms has the non-metal root name and a suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it whereas the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root name and the suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas for hydrochloric acid, chloric acid, and chlorous acid are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general formula for naming binary acids is,

$\text{Prefix }hydro\text{-}+\text{non-metal root}+\text{suffix -}ic+\text{acid}$

The general rules for naming the members of a family with four oxoanions are as follows:

1) The anion with the most number of oxygen atoms has the refix $per\text{-}$, the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ate$.

2) The anion with one fewer oxygen atom has the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ate$.

3) The anion with two fewer oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$.

4) The anion with three fewer oxygen atoms has the prefix $hypo\text{-}$, the non-metal root, and the suffix $\text{-}ite$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas for cuprous bromide and cupric bromide are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The general rules for naming ionic compounds with different charges on the same metal are:

1) The root name of the metal is followed by the suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with a lower charge.

2)The root name of the metal is followed by the suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge.