Chapter 2, Problem 2.77QP

Identify each of the following elements: (a) a halogen containing 53 electrons, (b) a radioactive noble gas with 86 protons, (c) a Group 6A element with 34 electrons, (d) an alkali metal that contains 11 electrons, (e) a Group 4A element that contains 82 electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbols for each atom to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Conversion of atoms to moles: $\text{no}\text{.of moles = }\frac{\text{no}\text{.of atoms}}{\text{Avogadro's number}}.$

Nuclear stability: The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The strongest nuclear force binds the particles tightly. Though the protons repel each other due to no attraction between similar charges, possess short-range attractions made the attraction possible between proton and proton, proton and neutron, neutron and neutron.

The stability of any element is determined by the difference between columbic repulsion and the short-range attraction. If repulsion outweighs the attraction, the disintegration of nucleus occurs by producing the daughter nuclides. If the attractive forces prevail, the nucleus is stable.

Answer to Problem 2.77QP

The element is Iodine

Explanation of Solution

Identify the element.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{The element symbol : }}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X,}\\ \text{Z (atomic number) = no}\text{. of protons}\text{. (protons = electrons)}\\ \text{= 53}\text{.}\\ \text{The element is : Iodine}\text{.}\end{array}$

The number of electron is equal to the number proton in the nucleus, thus from the periodic table atomic number $\text{53}$ revels the element is Iodine.

Conclusion

The symbol given element identified.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbols for each atom to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Conversion of atoms to moles: $\text{no}\text{.of moles = }\frac{\text{no}\text{.of atoms}}{\text{Avogadro's number}}.$

Nuclear stability: The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The strongest nuclear force binds the particles tightly. Though the protons repel each other due to no attraction between similar charges, possess short-range attractions made the attraction possible between proton and proton, proton and neutron, neutron and neutron.

The stability of any element is determined by the difference between coulombic repulsion and the short-range attraction. If repulsion outweighs the attraction, the disintegration of nucleus occurs by producing the daughter nuclides. If the attractive forces prevail, the nucleus is stable.

Answer to Problem 2.77QP

The element is Radon.

Explanation of Solution

Identify the element.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{The element symbol : }}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X,}\\ \text{Z (atomic number) = no}\text{. of protons}\text{. (protons = electrons)}\\ \text{= 86}\text{.}\\ \text{The element is : Radon}\text{.}\end{array}$

The number of electron is equal to the number proton in the nucleus. The number of protons is same as the atomic number of an element. From the periodic table atomic number $\text{86}$ reveals the element is Radon.

Conclusion

The symbol given element identified.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbols for each atom to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Conversion of atoms to moles: $\text{no}\text{.of moles = }\frac{\text{no}\text{.of atoms}}{\text{Avogadro's number}}.$

Nuclear stability: The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The strongest nuclear force binds the particles tightly. Though the protons repel each other due to no attraction between similar charges, possess short-range attractions made the attraction possible between proton and proton, proton and neutron, neutron and neutron.

The stability of any element is determined by the difference between columbic repulsion and the short-range attraction. If repulsion outweighs the attraction, the disintegration of nucleus occurs by producing the daughter nuclides. If the attractive forces prevail, the nucleus is stable.

Answer to Problem 2.77QP

The element is Selenium.

Explanation of Solution

Identify the element.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{The element symbol : }}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X,}\\ \text{Z (atomic number) = no}\text{. of protons}\text{. (protons = electrons)}\\ \text{= 34}\text{.}\\ \text{The element is : Selenium}\text{.}\end{array}$

The number of electron is equal to the number proton in the nucleus. The number of protons or the electrons is same as the atomic number of an element. From the periodic table atomic number $\text{34}$ reveals the element is Selenium.

Conclusion

The symbol given element identified.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbols for each atom to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Conversion of atoms to moles: $\text{no}\text{.of moles = }\frac{\text{no}\text{.of atoms}}{\text{Avogadro's number}}.$

Nuclear stability: The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The strongest nuclear force binds the particles tightly. Though the protons repel each other due to no attraction between similar charges, possess short-range attractions made the attraction possible between proton and proton, proton and neutron, neutron and neutron.

The stability of any element is determined by the difference between columbic repulsion and the short-range attraction. If repulsion outweighs the attraction, the disintegration of nucleus occurs by producing the daughter nuclides. If the attractive forces prevail, the nucleus is stable.

Answer to Problem 2.77QP

The element is Sodium.

Explanation of Solution

Identify the element.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{The element symbol : }}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X,}\\ \text{Z (atomic number) = no}\text{. of protons}\text{. (protons = electrons)}\\ \text{= 11}\text{.}\\ \text{The element is : Sodium}\text{.}\end{array}$

The number of electron is equal to the number proton in the nucleus. The number of protons (or the electrons) is same as the atomic number of an element. From the periodic table atomic number $\text{11}$ reveals the element is Sodium.

Conclusion

The symbol given element identified.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbols for each atom to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Conversion of atoms to moles: $\text{no}\text{.of moles = }\frac{\text{no}\text{.of atoms}}{\text{Avogadro's number}}.$

Nuclear stability: The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The strongest nuclear force binds the particles tightly. Though the protons repel each other due to no attraction between similar charges, possess short-range attractions made the attraction possible between proton and proton, proton and neutron, neutron and neutron.

The stability of any element is determined by the difference between coulombic repulsion and the short-range attraction. If repulsion outweighs the attraction, the disintegration of nucleus occurs by producing the daughter nuclides. If the attractive forces prevail, the nucleus is stable.

Answer to Problem 2.77QP

The element is Lead.

Explanation of Solution

Identify the element.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{The element symbol : }}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}\text{X,}\\ \text{Z (atomic number) = no}\text{. of protons}\text{. (protons = electrons)}\\ \text{= 82}\text{.}\\ \text{The element is : Lead}\text{.}\end{array}$

The number of electron is equal to the number proton in the nucleus. The number of protons or the electrons is same as the atomic number of an element. From the periodic table atomic number $\text{82}$ reveals the element is Lead.

Conclusion

The symbol given element identified.