The conformation of rings A, B, C and D in Cholestanol has to be described. Concept Introduction: The conformation structures of six membered rings are given by chair forms. In the chair conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110 .9 0 and the hydrogens on the adjacent carbon atoms are staggered with respect to one another. In the chair conformation, no two atoms are closely present, so, there is a little strain present in chair conformation structure of cyclohexane. The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

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5) Oxaloacetic Acid is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of citric acid. Synthesize oxaloacetic acid using a mixed Claisen Condensation reaction with two different esters and a sodium ethoxide base. Give your answer as a scheme Hint 1: Your final acid product is producing using a decarboxylation reaction. Hint 2: Look up the structure of oxalic acid. HO all OH oxaloacetic acid

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conformation of rings A, B, C and D in Cholestanol has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

The conformation structures of six membered rings are given by chair forms. In the chair conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110.90 and the hydrogens on the adjacent carbon atoms are staggered with respect to one another. In the chair conformation, no two atoms are closely present, so, there is a little strain present in chair conformation structure of cyclohexane. The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl group present on Ring A is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring A and Ring B is either axial or equatorial to Ring A and Ring B has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring C and Ring D is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

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5) Oxaloacetic Acid is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of citric acid. Synthesize oxaloacetic acid using a mixed Claisen Condensation reaction with two different esters and a sodium ethoxide base. Give your answer as a scheme Hint 1: Your final acid product is producing using a decarboxylation reaction. Hint 2: Look up the structure of oxalic acid. HO all OH oxaloacetic acid

20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work- ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are A-X. B+X-Y+D. 2X+ Y-3X, X-E. 305 It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con stant so that only X and Y vary with time. (a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de scribing a Brusselator are: dt A-(B+ 1)x + x²y, dy =Bx-x²y. di

Problem 3. Provide a mechanism for the following transformation: H₂SO A Me. Me Me Me Me

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conformation of rings A, B, C and D in Cholestanol has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

The conformation structures of six membered rings are given by chair forms. In the chair conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110.90 and the hydrogens on the adjacent carbon atoms are staggered with respect to one another. In the chair conformation, no two atoms are closely present, so, there is a little strain present in chair conformation structure of cyclohexane. The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl group present on Ring A is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring A and Ring B is either axial or equatorial to Ring A and Ring B has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring C and Ring D is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conformation of rings A, B, C and D in Cholestanol has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

The conformation structures of six membered rings are given by chair forms. In the chair conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110.90 and the hydrogens on the adjacent carbon atoms are staggered with respect to one another. In the chair conformation, no two atoms are closely present, so, there is a little strain present in chair conformation structure of cyclohexane. The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl group present on Ring A is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring A and Ring B is either axial or equatorial to Ring A and Ring B has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring C and Ring D is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conformation of rings A, B, C and D in Cholestanol has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

The conformation structures of six membered rings are given by chair forms. In the chair conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110.90 and the hydrogens on the adjacent carbon atoms are staggered with respect to one another. In the chair conformation, no two atoms are closely present, so, there is a little strain present in chair conformation structure of cyclohexane. The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl group present on Ring A is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring A and Ring B is either axial or equatorial to Ring A and Ring B has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring C and Ring D is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 2.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conformation of rings A, B, C and D in Cholestanol has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

The conformation structures of six membered rings are given by chair forms. In the chair conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110.90 and the hydrogens on the adjacent carbon atoms are staggered with respect to one another. In the chair conformation, no two atoms are closely present, so, there is a little strain present in chair conformation structure of cyclohexane. The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl group present on Ring A is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring A and Ring B is either axial or equatorial to Ring A and Ring B has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring C and Ring D is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 2.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conformation of rings A, B, C and D in Cholestanol has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

The conformation structures of six membered rings are given by chair forms. In the chair conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110.90 and the hydrogens on the adjacent carbon atoms are staggered with respect to one another. In the chair conformation, no two atoms are closely present, so, there is a little strain present in chair conformation structure of cyclohexane. The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 2.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conformation of rings A, B, C and D in Cholestanol has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

The conformation structures of six membered rings are given by chair forms. In the chair conformation, all C-C-C bond angles are 110.90 and the hydrogens on the adjacent carbon atoms are staggered with respect to one another. In the chair conformation, no two atoms are closely present, so, there is a little strain present in chair conformation structure of cyclohexane. The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl group present on Ring A is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hydroxyl group present on Ring A is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring A and Ring B is either axial or equatorial to Ring A and Ring B has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring A and Ring B is either axial or equatorial to Ring A and Ring B has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring C and Ring D is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The methyl group present at the junction of Ring C and Ring D is either axial or equatorial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The C-H bonds in the chair conformation are arranged in axial and equatorial positions. The bonds that are present parallel to the axis are axial bonds and the bonds that are present perpendicular to the axis are equatorial bonds. In cyclohexane, six hydrogens are axial and six hydrogens are equatorial.

Answer 14

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Ch. 2.2 - Do the line-angle formulas in each pair represent...Ch. 2.2 - Draw line-angle formulas for the three...Ch. 2.3 - Write IUPAC names for these alkanes.Ch. 2.4 - Combine the proper prefix, infix, and suffix and...Ch. 2.4 - Write the molecular formula, IUPAC name, and...Ch. 2.4 - Write molecular formulas for each bicycloalkane,...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2.7P Ch. 2.5 - For 1,2-dichloroethane: (a) Draw Newman...Ch. 2.5 - Following is a chair conformation of cyclohexane...Ch. 2.5 - Draw the alternative chair conformation for the...

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