Chapter 2, Problem 2.59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of electrons present in ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Neutral atom contains equal number of protons and electrons.  When an electron is added or removed from a neutral atom, charged species known as ion is formed.  If electrons are removed, then the formed ion is known as cation and if electrons are added, the formed ion is known as anion.  Atom that has lost electrons will have positive charge and atoms that have gained electrons will have negative charge.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of electrons present in ${\text{S}}^{2-}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of electrons present in ${\text{Ga}}^{3+}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of electrons present in ${\text{Ti}}^{\text{4+}}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).