Chapter 2, Problem 2.59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol and atomic number of the heaviest alkaline earth metal are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is an arrangement of elements according to their properties, atomic number, and electronic configurations.

The metals are placed at the large lower-left portion of the table. The non-metals are placed at the small upper-right portion of the table. The metalloids are present along the staircase line in the periodic table.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol and atomic number of the lightest metalloid in the group $4\text{A}\left(14\right)$ are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is an arrangement of elements according to their properties, atomic number, and electronic configurations.

The metals are placed at the large lower-left portion of the table. The non-metals are placed at the small upper-right portion of the table. The metalloids are present along the staircase line in the periodic table.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol and the atomic mass of the coinage metal with the fewest electrons in its atoms are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is an arrangement of elements according to their properties, atomic number, and electronic configurations.

The metals are placed at the large lower-left portion of the table. The non-metals are placed at the small upper-right portion of the table. The metalloids are present along the staircase line in the periodic table.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol and atomic mass of the halogen in period 4 are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The formula of an ionic compound represents the total number of ions of each element present in it.

The general rules for writing the systematic names of ionic compounds are as follows:

1) In binary ionic compounds, the name of the metal is written as the original name whereas the name of the non-metal has the root word with the suffix $\text{-}ide$.

2) In metals that form more than one ion, the Latin root of the metal is followed by a suffix $\text{-}ous$ for the ion with lower charge and suffix $\text{-}ic$ for the ion with a higher charge. In the systematic name, the name of the metal is followed by the charge on the metal within the parentheses in roman numerals.

3) In the family of two oxoanions, the ion with more oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and a suffix $\text{-}ate$ added to it. The ion with fewer oxygen atoms has the non-metal root and the suffix $\text{-}ite$ added to it.

4) For hydrated ionic compounds, the total number of water molecules are represented by the Greek numerical prefixes followed by the word hydrate.