Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 20QP
In the following diagram, designate each daughter cell as diploid (2n) or haploid (n).
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For each of the following, indicate the total number of chromosomes, the number of pairs of
homologous chromosomes and the number of pairs of sister chromatids. Indicate if the cell in
question is diploid or haploid and if the daughter cell will be diploid or haploid.
A. A non-dividing skin cell
Total number of chromosomes:
Number of pairs of homologous chromosomes:
Number of pairs of sister chromatids:
boxe Diploid or haploid?
B. A cell is metaphase of mitosis:
Total number of chromosomes:
Number of pairs of homologous chromosomes:
Number of pairs of sister chromatids:
Diploid or haploid?
Daughter cell diploid or haploid?
C. Cell in prophase meiosis I:
Total number of chromosomes:
Number of pairs of homologous chromosomes:
Number of pairs of sister chromatids:
Diploid or haploid?
Daughter cell…
The diagram below shows a cell during Meiosis II:
a) What phase of Meiosis II is the cell in? How do you know?
b) Assuming all of the chromosomes present during Meiosis II are shown in the figure above, how many chromosomes (counting homologous pairs as two chromosomes) does a gamete from this organism have?
c) Draw the same cell during the same phase of Meiosis I. Label the elements
Chapter 2 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 2 - Prob. 3CSCh. 2 - Cell Structure Reflects Function What advantages...Ch. 2 - Assign a function(s) to the following cellular...Ch. 2 - How many autosomes are present in a body cell of a...Ch. 2 - Define the following terms: a. chromosome b....Ch. 2 - Human haploid gametes (sperm and eggs) contain: a....Ch. 2 - Prob. 6QPCh. 2 - Prob. 7QP
Ch. 2 - In the cell cycle, at which stages do two...Ch. 2 - Does the cell cycle refer to mitosis as well as...Ch. 2 - It is possible that an alternative mechanism for...Ch. 2 - Identify the stages of mitosis, and describe the...Ch. 2 - Why is cell furrowing important in cell division?...Ch. 2 - A cell from a human female has just undergone...Ch. 2 - During which phases of the mitotic cycle would the...Ch. 2 - Describe the critical events of mitosis that are...Ch. 2 - Mitosis occurs daily in a human being. What type...Ch. 2 - Speculate on how the Hayflick limit may lead to...Ch. 2 - How can errors in the cell cycle lead to cancer in...Ch. 2 - List the differences between mitosis and meiosis...Ch. 2 - In the following diagram, designate each daughter...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements is not true in...Ch. 2 - Match the phase of cell division with the...Ch. 2 - A cell has a diploid number of 6 (2n = 6). a. Draw...Ch. 2 - A cell (2n = 4) has undergone cell division....Ch. 2 - We are following the progress of human chromosome...Ch. 2 - What is physically exchanged during crossing over?Ch. 2 - Compare meiotic anaphase I with meiotic anaphase...Ch. 2 - Provide two reasons why meiosis leads to genetic...
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- During metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate independently of each other. Therefore, there is a random “shuffle” of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.The following diagram demonstrates how this works in a diploid cell with four chromosomes (2n=4) . Because there are two pairs of chromosomes and each pair can align in one of two ways during metaphase I, the number of possible variations in the gametes produced is 22 or 4.For an organism that is , there are three pairs of chromosomes, so the number of possible variations in the gametes produced due to independent assortment in metaphase I is 23 or 8. In an organism with a haploid number of 7, how many possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can occur in its gametes? a. 72=49 b. 27=128 c.17=1 d. 214=16 384arrow_forwardDuring metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate independently of each other. Therefore, there is a random “shuffle” of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.The following diagram demonstrates how this works in a diploid cell with four chromosomes (2n=4) . Because there are two pairs of chromosomes and each pair can align in one of two ways during metaphase I, the number of possible variations in the gametes produced is 22 or 4.For an organism that is , there are three pairs of chromosomes, so the number of possible variations in the gametes produced due to independent assortment in metaphase I is 23 or 8. In an organism with a haploid number of 2n=6 , how many possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can occur in its gametes? a. 72=49 b. 27=128 c.17=1 d. 214=16 384arrow_forwardAn individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation possesses the following chromosomes: A B • C D E F G A B • C D V W X R S • T U E F G R S • T U V W X Q. Draw the pairing arrangement of these chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis.arrow_forward
- During metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate independently of each other. Therefore, there is a random “shuffle” of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.The following diagram demonstrates how this works in a diploid cell with four chromosomes . Because there are two pairs of chromosomes and each pair can align in one of two ways during metaphase I, the number of possible variations in the gametes produced is , or .For an organism that is , there are three pairs of chromosomes, so the number of possible variations in the gametes produced due to independent assortment in metaphase I is , or . In an organism with a haploid number of , how many possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can occur in its gametes? Select one: a. 72=49 b. 27=128 c.17=1 d. 214=16 384arrow_forwardConsider the following two meiocytes in metaphase I, with crossover positions as indicated for cell A. Solid black lines indicate spindle microtubules. Assume blue chromosomes represents paternal chromosomes and green maternal chromosomes. F G N R A B D e g a B d E Cell A Cell B i) How many chromosomes and chromatids were present in cell A during the G1 phase? Please clearly specify chromosomes and chromatids in your answer. ii) For cell A, list all the gametes that will be produced from this cell. Give the alleles of each gamete contained within a set of brackets. You may ignore independent assortment. iii) For cell B, list all the gametes that will be produced from this cell given independent assortment. Give the alleles of each gamete contained within a set of brackets. You may assume that no crossing over would take place.arrow_forwardFor an organism with 3 pairs of chromosomes (6 total chromosomes, 2n = 6), draw chromosome diagrams for the following phases of meiosis: prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II & telophase II. Be sure to draw the correct number of chromosomes and the correct number of chromatids per chromosome. Use a different color to represent each chromosome type (for example, use blue to indicate all copies of chromosome 1, red for all copies of chromosome 2, and green for all copies of chromosome 3).arrow_forward
- Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells that are identical to the starting cell. Explain how meíosis is different using this diagram to help you. 1) How many cells are created through meiosis? 2) Describe the chromosomes in each gamete at the end of meiosis? Are the set of chromosomes in a gamete identical to the starting cell like they are in mitosis? Are there the same number of chromosomes in each gamete as the starting cell? Starting cell's chromosomes: 1А, 1B, 2A, 2B Interphase After the S phase of interphase: 4 pairs of sister chromatids 1A 1A 1B 1B 2A 2A 2B 2B Meiosis has 2 rounds of cell division 1A, 1A, 1B, 1B, 2A 2B 2A 2B tv MacBook Air DII DD 80 888 F9 F10 F6 F7 F8 F4 F3 * #3 2$ % & 8 9 3 4 E T. Y F G J K * CO Rarrow_forwardimagine a giraffe whose diploid is 30. A) what # of chromosomes will be present in a somatic cell at prophase of mitosis? B) what will be the # of chromosomes present in a somatic cell at prophase 2 of meiosis?arrow_forwardExamine the following diagrams of cells from an organism with diploid number 2n = 6, and identify what stage of M phase is represented.arrow_forward
- A simple diagram indicating the alterations in genetic content throughout mitosis is shown in the attached picture. Please prepare a similar diagram for meiosis, starting with a diploid cell in G1 (like the picture). Include all of the cells generated at each stage.arrow_forwardConsider the following two meiocytes in metaphase I, with crossover positions as indicated for cell A. Solid black lines indicate spindle microtubules. Assume blue chromosomes represents paternal chromosomes and green maternal chromosomes. G N D t d Cell A Cell B i) How many chromosomes and chromatids were present in cell A during the G1 phase? Please clearly specify chromosomes and chromatids in your answer. ii) For cell A, list all the gametes that will be produced from this cell. Give the alleles of each gamete contained within a set of brackets. You may ignore independent assortment. iii) For cell B, list all the gametes that will be produced from this cell given crossing over. Give the alleles of each gamete contained within a set of brackets. You may assume that no crossing over would take place.arrow_forwardIf the amount (mass) of DNA in a diploid cell during G1 phase prior to meiosis I is 8 pg (picograms), how much DNA would be present in a daughter cell immediately following: A) meiosis I? B) meiosis II? (for your information, this cell will function as a gamete) HINT: Go through the process of meiosis one step at a time. DNA replication would double the amount of DNA in the cell, cell division divides the DNA into two daughter cells.arrow_forward
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