The 1 s t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b) skin provides more surface area than mucosal surface for commensal microbes.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) skin provides a larger surface area than the mucosal commensal microbes. The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Explanation/justification for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) mucosal surfaces are better than the skin surface for commensal microbes. The mucosal surface is better for the microbes, as the mucosal surface is good for adherence, nutrition and is not shed regularly. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) there are 10 times more bacteria residing in the human intestine than the number of the cells in human. It is correct, the number flora of the intestine has a high number of the bacteria. Due to the small size and colonization capability, the bacteria remain intact there and maintain their population. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) it is common for the bacteria to live in commensal relationship with human body. It is correct, many bacteria live inside and the outer side of our body. The bacteria present in the intestine are very good example of symbiosis, as they get nutrition from the food and help in digestion. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) during gestation, the fetus does not have any bacteria. It is correct, during gestation, the bacteria are not present inside the body. They come after the birth, when the baby start eating food, they come own their own and reside inside the body. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement.

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Students have asked these similar questions

A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b) skin provides more surface area than mucosal surface for commensal microbes.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) skin provides a larger surface area than the mucosal commensal microbes. The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Explanation/justification for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) mucosal surfaces are better than the skin surface for commensal microbes. The mucosal surface is better for the microbes, as the mucosal surface is good for adherence, nutrition and is not shed regularly. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) there are 10 times more bacteria residing in the human intestine than the number of the cells in human. It is correct, the number flora of the intestine has a high number of the bacteria. Due to the small size and colonization capability, the bacteria remain intact there and maintain their population. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) it is common for the bacteria to live in commensal relationship with human body. It is correct, many bacteria live inside and the outer side of our body. The bacteria present in the intestine are very good example of symbiosis, as they get nutrition from the food and help in digestion. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) during gestation, the fetus does not have any bacteria. It is correct, during gestation, the bacteria are not present inside the body. They come after the birth, when the baby start eating food, they come own their own and reside inside the body. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b) skin provides more surface area than mucosal surface for commensal microbes.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) skin provides a larger surface area than the mucosal commensal microbes. The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Explanation/justification for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) mucosal surfaces are better than the skin surface for commensal microbes. The mucosal surface is better for the microbes, as the mucosal surface is good for adherence, nutrition and is not shed regularly. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) there are 10 times more bacteria residing in the human intestine than the number of the cells in human. It is correct, the number flora of the intestine has a high number of the bacteria. Due to the small size and colonization capability, the bacteria remain intact there and maintain their population. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) it is common for the bacteria to live in commensal relationship with human body. It is correct, many bacteria live inside and the outer side of our body. The bacteria present in the intestine are very good example of symbiosis, as they get nutrition from the food and help in digestion. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) during gestation, the fetus does not have any bacteria. It is correct, during gestation, the bacteria are not present inside the body. They come after the birth, when the baby start eating food, they come own their own and reside inside the body. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b) skin provides more surface area than mucosal surface for commensal microbes.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) skin provides a larger surface area than the mucosal commensal microbes. The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Explanation/justification for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) mucosal surfaces are better than the skin surface for commensal microbes. The mucosal surface is better for the microbes, as the mucosal surface is good for adherence, nutrition and is not shed regularly. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) there are 10 times more bacteria residing in the human intestine than the number of the cells in human. It is correct, the number flora of the intestine has a high number of the bacteria. Due to the small size and colonization capability, the bacteria remain intact there and maintain their population. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) it is common for the bacteria to live in commensal relationship with human body. It is correct, many bacteria live inside and the outer side of our body. The bacteria present in the intestine are very good example of symbiosis, as they get nutrition from the food and help in digestion. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) during gestation, the fetus does not have any bacteria. It is correct, during gestation, the bacteria are not present inside the body. They come after the birth, when the baby start eating food, they come own their own and reside inside the body. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b) skin provides more surface area than mucosal surface for commensal microbes.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) skin provides a larger surface area than the mucosal commensal microbes. The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Explanation/justification for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) mucosal surfaces are better than the skin surface for commensal microbes. The mucosal surface is better for the microbes, as the mucosal surface is good for adherence, nutrition and is not shed regularly. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) there are 10 times more bacteria residing in the human intestine than the number of the cells in human. It is correct, the number flora of the intestine has a high number of the bacteria. Due to the small size and colonization capability, the bacteria remain intact there and maintain their population. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) it is common for the bacteria to live in commensal relationship with human body. It is correct, many bacteria live inside and the outer side of our body. The bacteria present in the intestine are very good example of symbiosis, as they get nutrition from the food and help in digestion. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) during gestation, the fetus does not have any bacteria. It is correct, during gestation, the bacteria are not present inside the body. They come after the birth, when the baby start eating food, they come own their own and reside inside the body. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b) skin provides more surface area than mucosal surface for commensal microbes.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) skin provides a larger surface area than the mucosal commensal microbes. The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Explanation/justification for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) mucosal surfaces are better than the skin surface for commensal microbes. The mucosal surface is better for the microbes, as the mucosal surface is good for adherence, nutrition and is not shed regularly. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) there are 10 times more bacteria residing in the human intestine than the number of the cells in human. It is correct, the number flora of the intestine has a high number of the bacteria. Due to the small size and colonization capability, the bacteria remain intact there and maintain their population. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) it is common for the bacteria to live in commensal relationship with human body. It is correct, many bacteria live inside and the outer side of our body. The bacteria present in the intestine are very good example of symbiosis, as they get nutrition from the food and help in digestion. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) during gestation, the fetus does not have any bacteria. It is correct, during gestation, the bacteria are not present inside the body. They come after the birth, when the baby start eating food, they come own their own and reside inside the body. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (b) skin provides more surface area than mucosal surface for commensal microbes.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) skin provides a larger surface area than the mucosal commensal microbes. The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Explanation/justification for the incorrect answer:

Option (a) mucosal surfaces are better than the skin surface for commensal microbes. The mucosal surface is better for the microbes, as the mucosal surface is good for adherence, nutrition and is not shed regularly. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) there are 10 times more bacteria residing in the human intestine than the number of the cells in human. It is correct, the number flora of the intestine has a high number of the bacteria. Due to the small size and colonization capability, the bacteria remain intact there and maintain their population. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) it is common for the bacteria to live in commensal relationship with human body. It is correct, many bacteria live inside and the outer side of our body. The bacteria present in the intestine are very good example of symbiosis, as they get nutrition from the food and help in digestion. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) during gestation, the fetus does not have any bacteria. It is correct, during gestation, the bacteria are not present inside the body. They come after the birth, when the baby start eating food, they come own their own and reside inside the body. Hence, it is an incorrect answer.

Answer 12

Conclusion

The skin has a very less amount of the commensal microbiota as compared to gut mucosal bacteria. It is an incorrect statement.

Answer 13

Ch. 2 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 2 - Prob. 10Q

The 1 s t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Concept explainers

Videos

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Answer to Problem 1Q

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 2 Solutions

The 1 s t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Concept explainers

Videos

Introduction: The 1st line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.

Answer to Problem 1Q

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 2 Solutions

Introduction:

The 1^s^t line of defense in the body is the system, which helps in the prevention of the entrance of the pathogen from outside the body. This system is present in the gut, respiratory system and the skin, and kills the pathogen before it enters to blood stream.