Chapter 2, Problem 1E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The sign of the electric charge on the particle.

Answer to Problem 1E

Solution:

The sign of the electric charge on the particle is negative.

Explanation of Solution

The sign of the electric charge on the particle is negative in the given diagram. This experiment was performed by J.J. Thomson to determine whether the charge carried by cathode rays is negative or positive. He introduced a negatively charged metal plate on one side of the cathode rays and positively charged metal plate on other side. When the cathode rays passes through the charged metal plates they bent towards the positively charged metal plates and away from the negatively charged metal plate. This shows that the electric charge on the particle is negative as it bent towards the positively charged metal plate.

Conclusion

The sign of the electric charge on the particle is negative.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The bending will increase, decrease or remains the same when the charge on the plates is increased.

Answer to Problem 1E

Solution:

The bending will increase when the charge on plate increases.

Explanation of Solution

When the charge on the metal plate increases, the negatively charged particle will move towards the positively charged metal plate and this results more deflection therefore, the bending will increase.

Conclusion

When the charge on metal plate is increased, bending will increase.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

When the mass of the particle is increased having the same speed, the bending will increase, decrease or remains the same.

Answer to Problem 1E

Solution:

When the mass of the particle is increased having the same speed, the bending will decrease.

Explanation of Solution

When the mass of the particle is increased, the density will increase.

The density is given as,

$\text{Density}=\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$

Keeping the volume constant, density is directly proportional to mass. The substance that has higher density will be heaviest. Therefore, when the mass of the particle is increased, it will become heavier and it will show less deflection, therefore, less bending.

Conclusion

The bending will decrease when the mass of the particle is increased keeping the speed same.