
Concept explainers
The transactions completed by PS Music during June 2016 were described at the end of Chapter 1. The following transactions were completed during July, the second month of the business’s operations:
Enter the following transactions on Page 2 of the two-column journal:
PS Music’s chart of accounts and the balance of accounts as of July 1, 2016 (all normal balances), are as follows:
Instructions
- 1. Enter the July 1, 2016, account balances in the appropriate balance column of a four-column account. Write Balance in the Item column, and place a check mark (✓) in the Posting Reference column. (Hint: Verify the equality of the debit and credit balances in the ledger before proceeding with the next instruction.)
- 2. Analyze and journalize each transaction in a two-column journal beginning on Page 1, omitting
journal entry explanations. - 3. Post the journal to the ledger, extending the account balance to the appropriate balance column after each posting.
- 4. Prepare an unadjusted
trial balance as of July 31, 2016.
(2) and (3)

Journalize the transactions of July in a two column journal beginning on page 18.
Explanation of Solution
Journal:
Journal is the book of original entry. Journal consists of the day today financial transactions in a chronological order. The journal has two aspects; they are debit aspect and the credit aspect.
Rules of debit and credit:
“An increase in an asset account, an increase in an expense account, a decrease in liability account, and a decrease in a revenue account should be debited.
Similarly, an increase in liability account, an increase in a revenue account and a decrease in an asset account, a decrease in an expenses account should be credited”.
Journalize the transactions of July in a two column journal beginning on page 18.
Journal Page 1 | |||||
Date | Description | Post. Ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | Cash | 11 | 5,000 | ||
July | 1 | Person P’s Capital | 31 | 5,000 | |
(To record the owner’s investment) | |||||
1 | Office Rent expense | 51 | 1,750 | ||
Cash | 11 | 1,750 | |||
(To record the payment of rent for the month of July) | |||||
1 | Prepaid insurance | 15 | 2,700 | ||
Cash | 11 | 2,700 | |||
(To record the payment of insurance premium) | |||||
2 | Cash | 11 | 1,000 | ||
Accounts receivable | 12 | 1,000 | |||
(To record the receipt of cash from customers) | |||||
3 | Cash | 11 | 7,200 | ||
Unearned revenue | 23 | 7,200 | |||
(To record the cash received for the service yet to be provide) | |||||
3 | Accounts payable | 21 | 250 | ||
Cash | 11 | 250 | |||
(To record the payment made to creditors on account) | |||||
4 | Miscellaneous expense | 59 | 900 | ||
Cash | 11 | 900 | |||
(To record the payment made for Miscellaneous expense) | |||||
5 | Office equipment | 17 | 7,500 | ||
Accounts payable | 21 | 7,500 | |||
(To record the purchase of equipment on account) | |||||
8 | Advertising expense | 55 | 200 | ||
Cash | 11 | 200 | |||
(To record the payment of advertising expense) | |||||
11 | Cash | 11 | 1,000 | ||
Fees earned | 41 | 1,000 | |||
(To record the receipt of cash) | |||||
13 | Equipment rent expense | 52 | 700 | ||
Cash | 11 | 700 | |||
(To record the payment made to equipment) | |||||
14 | Wages expense | 50 | 1,200 | ||
Cash | 11 | 1,200 | |||
(To record the payment of wages) |
Table (1)
Journal Page 2 | |||||
Date | Description | Post. Ref | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
2016 | 16 | Cash | 11 | 2,000 | |
July | Fees earned | 41 | 2,000 | ||
(To record the receipt of cash) | |||||
18 | Supplies | 14 | 850 | ||
Accounts payable | 21 | 850 | |||
(To record the purchase of supplies) | |||||
21 | Music expense | 54 | 620 | ||
Cash | 11 | 620 | |||
(To record the payment incurred for music) | |||||
22 | Advertising expense | 55 | 800 | ||
Cash | 11 | 800 | |||
(To record the payment of advertising expense) | |||||
23 | Cash | 11 | 750 | ||
Accounts receivable | 12 | 1,750 | |||
Fees earned | 41 | 2,500 | |||
(To record the receipt of cash for the service performed party for cash and party on account) | |||||
27 | Utilities expense | 53 | 915 | ||
Cash | 11 | 915 | |||
(To record the payment of electricity) | |||||
28 | Wages expense | 50 | 1,200 | ||
Cash | 11 | 1,200 | |||
(To record the payment made for salary and commission expense) | |||||
29 | Miscellaneous expense | 59 | 540 | ||
Cash | 11 | 540 | |||
(To record the revenue earned and billed) | |||||
30 | Cash | 11 | 500 | ||
Accounts receivable | 12 | 1,000 | |||
Fees earned | 41 | 1,500 | |||
(To record the purchase of land party for cash and party on signing a note) | |||||
31 | Cash | 11 | 3,000 | ||
Fees earned | 41 | 3,000 | |||
(To record the receipt of cash) | |||||
31 | Music expense | 54 | 1,400 | ||
Cash | 11 | 1,400 | |||
(To record the payment incurred for music) | |||||
31 | Person P’s Drawing | 32 | 1,250 | ||
Cash | 11 | 1,250 | |||
(To record the withdrawal of cash for personal use) |
Table (2)
(1) and (3)

Record the balance of each account in the appropriate balance column of a four-column account and post them to the ledger.
Explanation of Solution
T-account: An account is referred to as a T-account, because the alignment of the components of the account resembles the capital letter ‘T’. An account consists of the three main components which are as follows:
- The title of the account.
- The left or debit side.
- The right or credit side.
Account: Cash Account no. 11 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 3,920 | |||
1 | 1 | 5,000 | 8,920 | ||||
1 | 1 | 1,750 | 7,170 | ||||
1 | 1 | 2,700 | 4,470 | ||||
2 | 1 | 1,000 | 5,470 | ||||
3 | 1 | 7,200 | 12,670 | ||||
3 | 1 | 250 | 12,420 | ||||
4 | 1 | 900 | 11,520 | ||||
8 | 1 | 200 | 11,320 | ||||
11 | 1 | 1,000 | 12,320 | ||||
13 | 1 | 700 | 11,620 | ||||
14 | 1 | 1,200 | 10,420 | ||||
16 | 2 | 2,000 | 12,420 | ||||
21 | 2 | 620 | 11,800 | ||||
22 | 2 | 800 | 11,000 | ||||
23 | 2 | 750 | 11,750 | ||||
27 | 2 | 915 | 10,835 | ||||
28 | 2 | 1,200 | 9,635 | ||||
29 | 2 | 540 | 9,095 | ||||
30 | 2 | 500 | 9,595 | ||||
31 | 2 | 3,000 | 12,595 | ||||
31 | 2 | 1,400 | 11,195 | ||||
31 | 2 | 1,250 | 9,945 |
Table (3)
Account: Accounts Receivable Account no. 12 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 1,000 | |||
2 | 1 | 1,000 | – | – | |||
23 | 2 | 1,750 | 1,750 | ||||
30 | 2 | 1,000 | 2,750 |
Table (4)
Account: Supplies Account no. 14 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 170 | |||
18 | 2 | 850 | 1,020 |
Table (5)
Account: Prepaid Insurance Account no. 15 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | 1 | 2,700 | 2,700 |
Table (6)
Account: Office equipment Account no. 17 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 5 | 1 | 7,500 | 7,500 |
Table (7)
Account: Accounts Payable Account no. 21 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 250 | |||
3 | 1 | 250 | – | – | |||
5 | 1 | 7,500 | 7,500 | ||||
18 | 2 | 850 | 8,350 |
Table (8)
Account: Unearned Revenue Account no. 23 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 3 | 1 | 7,200 | 7,200 |
Table (9)
Account: Person P’s Capital Account no. 31 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 4000 | |||
1 | 1 | 5,000 | 9,000 |
Table (10)
Account: Person P’s Drawing Account no. 32 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 500 | |||
31 | 2 | 1,250 | 1,750 |
Table (11)
Account: Fees earned Account no. 41 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 6,200 | |||
11 | 1 | 1,000 | 7,200 | ||||
16 | 2 | 2,000 | 9,200 | ||||
23 | 2 | 2,500 | 11,700 | ||||
30 | 2 | 1,500 | 13,200 | ||||
31 | 2 | 3,000 | 16,200 |
Table (12)
Account: Wages expense Account no. 50 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 400 | |||
14 | 1 | 1,200 | 1,600 | ||||
28 | 2 | 1,200 | 2,800 |
Table (13)
Account: Office rent expense Account no. 51 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 800 | |||
1 | 1 | 1,750 | 2,550 |
Table (14)
Account: Equipment rent expense Account no. 52 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 675 | |||
13 | 1 | 700 | 1,375 |
Table (15)
Account: Utility expense Account no. 53 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 300 | |||
27 | 2 | 915 | 1,215 |
Table (16)
Account: Music expense Account no. 54 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 1,590 | |||
21 | 2 | 620 | 2,210 | ||||
31 | 2 | 1,400 | 3,610 |
Table (17)
Account: Advertising expense Account no. 55 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 500 | |||
8 | 1 | 200 | 700 | ||||
22 | 2 | 800 | 1,500 |
Table (18)
Account: Supplies expense Account no. 56 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 180 |
Table (19)
Account: Miscellaneous expense Account no. 59 | |||||||
Date | Item | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | Balance | ||
Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||||||
2016 | |||||||
July | 1 | Balance | ✓ | 415 | |||
4 | 1 | 900 | 1,315 | ||||
29 | 2 | 540 | 1,855 |
Table (20)
(4)

Prepare an unadjusted trial balance of Company PS Music at July 31, 2016.
Explanation of Solution
Unadjusted trial balance: The unadjusted trial balance is the summary of all the ledger accounts that appears on the ledger accounts before making adjusting journal entries.
Prepare an unadjusted trial balance of Company PS Music at July 31, 2016 as follows:
PS Music Unadjusted Trial Balance July 31, 2016 | |||
Particulars |
Account No. | Debit $ | Credit $ |
Cash | 11 | 9,945 | |
Accounts receivable | 12 | 2,750 | |
Supplies | 14 | 1,020 | |
Prepaid insurance | 15 | 2,700 | |
Office Equipment | 17 | 7,500 | |
Accounts payable | 21 | 8,350 | |
Unearned revenue | 23 | 7,200 | |
P’s Capital | 31 | 9,000 | |
P’s Drawings | 32 | 1,750 | |
Fees earned | 41 | 16,200 | |
Wages expense | 50 | 2,800 | |
Office Rent expense | 51 | 2,550 | |
Equipment Rent expense | 52 | 1,375 | |
Utilities expense | 53 | 1,215 | |
Music expense | 54 | 3,610 | |
Advertising expense | 55 | 1,500 | |
Supplies expense | 56 | 180 | |
Miscellaneous expense | 59 | 1,855 | |
Total | 40,750 | 40,750 |
Table (21)
The debit column and credit column of the unadjusted trial balance are agreed, both having balance of $40,750.
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