Videos
Fill in the blanks in this concept map to help you tie together the key concepts concerning elements, atoms, and molecules.
To complete: The concept map to help tie together the key concepts concerned with elements, atoms, and molecules.
Introduction:
A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical process is known as element. Every element has the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. This smallest unit is called atom. An atom consists of electrons (e), protons (p) and neutrons (n). Different atoms have specific numbers of electrons, protons and neutrons. Nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons that constitute the mass of an atom. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in their orbit. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms.
Answer to Problem 1CC
Pictorial representation: The Fig. 1 shows a concept map for hierarchy from atoms to bonding between molecules.
Fig.1:Concepts map of elements, atoms and molecules.
Explanation of Solution
(a)
Correct answer: Protons
Explanation: Proton is present in the nucleus of the atom and has positive charge. Hence the correct answer is proton.
(b)
Correct answer: Neutrons
Explanation: Neutron is present in the nucleus of the atom and is neutral due to no charge.
Hence, the correct answer is neutrons.
(c)
Correct answer: Electrons
Explanation: Electron revolves around the nucleus and has negative charge.
Hence, the correct answer is electrons.
(d)
Correct answer: Different isotopes
Explanation:
An isotope of an atom differs from neutron numbers and therefore by mass. Hence, the correct answer is different isotopes.
(e)
Correct answer: Covalent bond
Explanation: Electrons revolve around the nucleus in different electronic shells. The electrons present in the outermost shell are called valence electrons. The valence electron takes part in chemical bond formation by electron sharing known as covalent bond.
Hence, the correct answer is covalent bond.
(f)
Correct answer: Ionic bonds
Explanation: The transfer of electrons between two atoms creates ions and its attraction creates ionic bond. Hence, the correct answer is ionic bonds.
(g)
Correct answer: Polar covalent bonds
Explanation: Electron sharing between atoms creates covalent bond. The more electronegative atom attracts the bonded electrons towards itself. This results in unequal sharing of electrons and formation of polar covalent bond.
Hence, the correct answer is polar covalent bonds.
(h)
Correct answer: Hydrogen bonding
Explanation: Unequal sharing of electrons of covalent bond results in polar covalent bond. For example: Water molecule (H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Oxygen atom shares one electron to each of the hydrogen atom and forms two covalent bonds. The oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. It attracts the bonded electron towards itself. This induces partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms and partial negative charge on oxygen atom. So, water molecule attains polarity. Oxygen atom of water molecule form a weak bond called hydrogen bond with hydrogen atom of another water molecule. This makes water molecule to have unique qualities.
Hence, the correct answer is hydrogen bonding.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
- You implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb? Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.arrow_forwardDesign a grafting experiment to determine if limb mesoderm determines forelimb / hindlimb identity. Include the experiment, a control, and an interpretation in your answer.arrow_forwardThe Snapdragon is a popular garden flower that comes in a variety of colours, including red, yellow, and orange. The genotypes and associated phenotypes for some of these flowers are as follows: aabb: yellow AABB, AABb, AaBb, and AaBB: red AAbb and Aabb: orange aaBB: yellow aaBb: ? Based on this information, what would the phenotype of a Snapdragon with the genotype aaBb be and why? Question 21 options: orange because A is epistatic to B yellow because A is epistatic to B red because B is epistatic to A orange because B is epistatic to A red because A is epistatic to B yellow because B is epistatic to Aarrow_forward
- A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forwardA sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forwardWith reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forward
- With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forward
- During a routine medical check up of a healthy man it was found that his haematocrit value was highly unusual – value of 60%. What one of the options below is the most likely reason? He will have a diet high in iron. He is likely to be suffering from anaemia. He lives at high altitude. He has recently recovered from an accident where he lost a lot of blood. He has a very large body size.arrow_forwardExplain what age of culture is most likely to produce an endospore?arrow_forwardExplain why hot temperatures greater than 45 degrees celsius would not initiate the sporulation process in endospores?arrow_forward
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning