Concept explainers
Consider a medium in which the heat conduction equation is given in its simplest forms as
Is heat transfer steady or transient?
Is heat transfer one-. two-, or thee-dimensional?
Is there heat generation in the medium?
Is the thermal conductivity of the medium constant or variable?
Is the medium a plane wall, a cylinder, or a sphere?
Is this differential equation for heat conduction linear or nonlinear?
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HEAT+MASS TRANSFER:FUND...-CONNECTPLUS
- show workingarrow_forwardCFD help Figure 3: Advection equation, solution for three different timesteps. Q1) Provide an explanation what conditions and numerical setup could explain the curves. Identify which of the three curves is the first, second and third timestep.arrow_forwardanswer pleasearrow_forward
- Figure 3 shows the numerical solution of the advection equation for a scalar u along x at three consecutive timesteps. 1.0 0.8- 0.6 0.4- 0.2 0.0 00 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6- 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 Figure 3: Advection equation, solution for three different timesteps.arrow_forwardQuestion 2 Figure 3 shows the numerical solution of the advection equation for a scalar u along x at three consecutive timesteps. 1.0 0.8- 0.6- 0.4- 0.2- 0.0- -0.2- -0.4- -0.6 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 Figure 3: Advection equation, solution for three different timesteps. a) Provide an explanation what conditions and numerical setup could explain the curves. Identify which of the three curves is the first, second and third timestep. b) Consider explicit schemes with central and upwind discretisations. Explain how each of these candidate discretisations could produce the behaviour shown in Figure 3. c) Determine the CFL number that was used in the simulation for each of the candidate schemes for all possible updates. Assume that the timestep and mesh-width used are constant. Read the data to two digits of accuracy from Figure 4 shown at the end of the question, which is an enlarged version of Figure 3. Demonstrate your method and input data for one calculation, but then use a…arrow_forwardanswer pleasearrow_forward
- Provide an explanation what conditions and numerical setup could explain the curves. Identify which of the three curves is the first. second and third timestep.arrow_forwardWhat are the accompanving boundary conditions for this bar?arrow_forward1.1 Consider the fireclay brick wall of Example 1.1 that is operating under different thermal conditions. The tem- perature distribution, at an instant in time, is T(x) = a+ bx where a 1400 K and b = -1000 K/m. Determine the heat fluxes, q", and heat rates, q, at x = 0 and x = L. Do steady-state conditions exist?arrow_forward
- 2.4 To determine the effect of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity on the temperature dis- tribution in a solid, consider a material for which this dependence may be represented as k = k₁ + aT where k, is a positive constant and a is a coefficient that may be positive or negative. Sketch the steady-state temperature distribution associated with heat transfer in a plane wall for three cases corresponding to a > 0, a = 0, and a < 0.arrow_forward1.21 A one-dimensional plane wall is exposed to convective and radiative conditions at x = 0. The ambient and sur- rounding temperatures are T = 20°C and Tur = 40°C, respectively. The convection heat transfer coefficient is h=20 W/m² K, and the absorptivity of the exposed sur- face is α=0.78. Determine the convective and radiative heat fluxes to the wall at x = 0 if the wall surface tem- perature is T, = 24°C. Assume the exposed wall surface is gray, and the surroundings are large.arrow_forward1.12 You've experienced convection cooling if you've ever extended your hand out the window of a moving vehi- cle or into a flowing water stream. With the surface of your hand at a temperature of 30°C, determine the con- vection heat flux for (a) a vehicle speed of 40 km/h in air at -8°C with a convection coefficient of 40 W/m² K and (b) a velocity of 0.2 m/s in a water stream at 10°C with a convection coefficient of 900 W/m²K. Which condition would feel colder? Contrast these results with a heat flux of approximately 30 W/m² under normal room conditions.arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning