
Concept explainers
Subpart (a):
Production possibilities frontier of Mexico and United States.
Subpart (a):

Explanation of Solution
The production possibilities frontier of Mexico and United States is shown in Figure 1 below:
Figure 1 shows the
In Figure 1, the left side diagram shows PPF of Mexico and right side diagram shows the PPF of US. The vertical axis of both measures the number of computers produced by Mexico and United States, and the horizontal axis measures the number of shirts. Mexico produces 2 computers and 12 shirts, and United States produces 24 computers and 24 shirts.
Concept introduction:
Production possibilities frontier (PPF): PPF refers to the different combination of goods and services that can be produced efficiently with the given resources by a country. Any points inside the PPF represent inefficient usage of the resources, and any points outside the PPF represent that it is not attainable with the available resources.
Subpart (b):
Calculation of opportunity cost .
Subpart (b):

Explanation of Solution
The equation to calculate the opportunity cost is shown below.
Substitute the respective values in Equation (1) to calculate the opportunity cost of producing a shirt in Mexico.
Opportunity cost of producing a shirt in Mexico is 0.1666.
Substitute the respective values in Equation (1) to calculate the opportunity cost of producing a shirt in United States.
Opportunity cost of producing a shirt in United States is 1.
Mexico has to produce more number of shirts. This is because when comparing the opportunity cost of producing a shirt in both countries, Mexico has the lowest opportunity cost.
Concept introduction:
Opportunity cost: Opportunity cost refers to the value of forgone goods and services to consume the other goods and services.
Sub part (c):
Calculation of opportunity cost.
Sub part (c):

Explanation of Solution
Substitute the respective values in Equation (1) to calculate the opportunity cost of producing a computer in Mexico.
The opportunity cost of producing a computer in Mexico is 6.
Substitute the respective values in Equation (1) to calculate the opportunity cost of producing a computer in United States.
Opportunity cost of producing a computer in United States is 1.
United States has to produce more number of computers. This is because when comparing the opportunity of producing a computer in both countries, United States has the lowest opportunity cost.
Concept introduction:
Opportunity cost: Opportunity cost refers to the value of forgone goods and services to consume the other goods and services.
Sub part (d):
Production possibility frontier.
Sub part (d):

Explanation of Solution
On the basis of opportunity cost of producing a shirt and a computer in both countries, Mexico has a
Figure 2 shows the PPF of trade alliance between United States and Mexico.
In Figure 2, the vertical axis measures the volume of production of computers and the horizontal axis measures the volume of production of shirts. United States produces 24 units of computer and Mexico produces 1 unit. In the case of shirt, Mexico produces 12 units and United States produces 24 units.
Concept introduction:
Production possibilities frontier (PPF): PPF refers to the different combination of goods and services that can be produced efficiently with the given resources by a country. Any points inside the PPF represent inefficient usage of the resources, and any points outside the PPF represent that it is not attainable with the available resources.
Sub part (e):
Production possibility frontier.
Sub part (e):

Explanation of Solution
The trade alliance after the entrance of Haiti is shown below:
Figure 3 shows the PPF of trade alliance of Haiti, Mexico, and United States.
In Figure 3, the vertical axis measures the volume of production of computers and the horizontal axis measures the volume of production of shirts. This is the new PPF after the trade alliance of Haiti with the trade alliance between Mexico and United States. Haiti is producing 1 unit of computer and 12 units of shirt.
Concept introduction:
Production possibilities frontier (PPF): PPF refers to the different combination of goods and services that can be produced efficiently with the given resources by a country. Any points inside the PPF represent inefficient usage of the resources, and any points outside the PPF represent that it is not attainable with the available resources.
Sub part (f):
Production possibility frontier.
Sub part (f):

Explanation of Solution
The PPF of trade alliance of existing three countries and many countries who join the trade alliance is shown below.
Figure 4 shows the PPF for trade alliance between infinity numbers of countries.
In Figure 4, the vertical axis measures the volume of production of computers and the horizontal axis measures the volume of production of shirts. The first curve represents that PPF is the trade alliance between Mexico and United States. The second curve represents that PPF is the trade alliance between Mexico, United States with Haiti. The third curve represents the PPF of trade alliance between infinity numbers of countries.
Concept introduction:
Production possibilities frontier (PPF): PPF refers to the different combination of goods and services that can be produced efficiently with the given resources by a country. Any points inside the PPF represent inefficient usage of the resources, and any points outside the PPF represent that it is not attainable with the available resources.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Modern Principles: Microeconomics
- Simple explanations plsarrow_forwardThis question examines the relationship between the Indian rupee (Rs) and the US dollar ($). We denote the exchange rate in rupees per dollar as ERS/$. Suppose the Bank of India permanently decreases its money supply by 4%. 1. First, consider the effect in the long run. Using the following equation, explain how the change in India's money supply affects the Indian price level, PIN, and the exchange rate, ERS/$: AERS/STIN ERS/$ - ·TUS = (MIN - 9IN) - (Mus - gus). MIN 2. How does the decrease in India's money supply affect the real money supply, in the long PIN run. 3. Based on your previous answer, how does the decrease in the Indian money supply affect the nominal interest rate, UN, in the long run? (hint: M = L(i)Y hold in the long run) 4. Illustrate the graphs to show how a permanent decrease in India's money supply affects India's money and FX markets in the long run. (hint: you may refer to the figures on lecture slides #5, titled "Analysis in the long run.") 5. Illustrate the…arrow_forwardPlease explain the concept/what this fill in graph, thanksarrow_forward
- Elasticity Problems Cross Price Elasticity (Exy) (QDX-QDo/[(QDN+QDDA)/2] (P-POR/[(PNE+POB)/2]¯¯ 11. QD of good A falls from 100 to 90 as the price of good B rose from $10 to $20. Calculate coefficient: (90-100) [(90+100) 21-10/95-105 - -.158 (20-10)/[(20+10)/2] 10/15 .667 Cite Elasticity: inclastic Typs of good: complement 12. QD of good A rose from 300 to 400 as the price good K increased from $1 to $2. Calculate coefficient Cite Elasticity: Ixps of reed: 13. QD for good I falls from 2000 to 1500 units as price of good Krose from $10 to $15. Calculate coefficient: Cite Elasticity: Type of good: 14. QD for good X rose from 100 to 101 units as price of good Y increases from, $8 to $15. Calculate coefficient: Cite Elasticity: Type of paed: Page 124 (368) Value of Coefficient Description Positive (0) Negative (L*0) Type of Good(s) Substitute Quantity Demanded of W changes in same direction a change in price if Z Quantity Demanded of W changes in opposite direction as change in price if Z…arrow_forwardUse production theory to graphically illustrate the case in which a medical innovation improves health without any change in the consumption of medical care.arrow_forwardAccording to Lee et al. (2009), the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing the current dialysis treatment to the next least cost dialysis treatment is $61,294 per life year and $129,090 per QALY. Can you account for the different estimates?arrow_forward
- You are employed as an economic consultant to the regional planning office of a large metropolitan area, and your task is to estimate the demand for hospital services in the area. Your estimates indicate that the own-price elasticity of demand equals 0.25, the income elasticity of demand equals 0.45, the cross-price elasticity of demand for hospital services with respect to the price of nursing home services equals 0.1, and the elasticity of travel time equals −0.37. Use this information to project the impact of the following changes on the demand for hospital services. Average travel time to the hospital diminishes by 5 percent due to overall improvements in the public transportation system. The price of nursing home care decreases by 10 percent. Average real income decreases by 10 percent. The hospital is forced to increase its price for services by 2 percent.arrow_forwardThe commissioner of health is concerned about the increasing number of reported cases of preventable childhood diseases, such as polio and rubella. It appears that a growing number of young children are not being vaccinated against childhood diseases as they should be. Two proposals to address the problem are sitting on the commissioner’s desk. The programs have equal costs, but the commissioner has funding for only one. The first proposal involves providing free vaccinations at clinics around the country. The benefits from a free vaccination program are likely to be experienced immediately in terms of a drop in the number of reported cases of illness. The second program calls for educating young married couples about the benefits of vaccination. The benefits in this instance will not be felt for some years. The commissioner wants to use cost-benefit analysis to determine which proposal should be implemented. Explain to the commissioner the critical role the discount rate plays in…arrow_forwardWhich of the following Nobel Prize Winners’ primary work in investments was consistent with market efficiency? Mark each “Yes” or “No.” You can search the internet for more information about their Nobel Prizes. Eugene Fama Harry Markowitz William Sharpe Robert Shillerarrow_forward
- not use ai pleasearrow_forwardNot use ai pleasearrow_forwardExercise 6 Imagine that you head production of a multinational food processing company. The ongoing uncer- tainty about costs means that you are unsure of the future cost of one of your inputs, x2. Your firm's production function is y = f(x1, x2) = x²x²² The output price p is 1000, x1 = 27, and wx₁ = 60. 1. Suppose the current input price is Wx2 = 50. Solve for the optimal choice of x2. 2. Now suppose that the probability the input price remains 50 is 0.65 and the probability that Wx2 60 is 0.35. Solve for the optimal choice of x2. Round down to the nearest integer. = 3. Finally, suppose the costs do actually rise, i.e., Wx2 = 60. Calculate the difference in profit from the uncertainty in (2) vs. the certainty in (1).arrow_forward
- Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSONEngineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
- Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education





