Chapter 2, Problem 13P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The conjugate base in the given pair of $\text{RCOOH}$ and ${\text{RCOO}}^{-}$.

Introduction:

Any substance that has the tendency to donate a proton $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ to other substance (base) is called an acid. The substance/species that formed after donation of a proton by acid is called its conjugate base. Any substance that has the tendency to accept a proton $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ from other substance (acid) is called a base. The substance/species that formed after acceptation of a proton by base is called its conjugate acid.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The conjugate base in the given pair of ${\text{RNH}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{RNH}}_3^{-}$.

Introduction:

Any substance that has the tendency to donate a proton $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ to other substance (base) is called an acid. The substance/species that formed after donation of a proton by acid is called its conjugate base. Any substance that has the tendency to accept a proton $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ from other substance (acid) is called a base. The substance/species that formed after acceptation of a proton by base is called its conjugate acid.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The conjugate base in the given pair of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{PO}}_4^{-}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$.

Introduction:

Any substance that has the tendency to donate a proton $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ to other substance (base) is called an acid. The substance/species that formed after donation of a proton by acid is called its conjugate base. Any substance that has the tendency to accept a proton $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ from other substance (acid) is called a base. The substance/species that formed after acceptation of a proton by base is called its conjugate acid.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The conjugate base in the given pair of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$.

Introduction:

Any substance that has the tendency to donate a proton $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ to other substance (base) is called an acid. The substance/species that formed after donation of a proton by acid is called its conjugate base. Any substance that has the tendency to accept a proton $\left({\text{H}}^{+}\right)$ from other substance (acid) is called a base. The substance/species that formed after acceptation of a proton by base is called its conjugate acid.