To counter the argument: “It is ignorant to worry about industry or agriculture contaminating the environment with their chemical wastes. After all, this stuff is just made of the same atoms that were already present in our environment.” Concept introduction: The chemical reactivity of an element is determined by the presence of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell (or valence cell) and the electrons present in it are called valence electrons. An atom can be chemically inert if they have fulfilled the outermost valence shell. The emergent properties are owing to the arrangement and contacts of atoms or groups of atoms. The properties of compounds are different from the individual elements from which it has formed. A compound is formed by the interaction of two or more dissimilar elements in a definite ratio.

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Chapter 2, Problem 12TYU

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To counter the argument: “It is ignorant to worry about industry or agriculture contaminating the environment with their chemical wastes. After all, this stuff is just made of the same atoms that were already present in our environment.”

Concept introduction: The chemical reactivity of an element is determined by the presence of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell (or valence cell) and the electrons present in it are called valence electrons. An atom can be chemically inert if they have fulfilled the outermost valence shell. The emergent properties are owing to the arrangement and contacts of atoms or groups of atoms. The properties of compounds are different from the individual elements from which it has formed. A compound is formed by the interaction of two or more dissimilar elements in a definite ratio.

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Imagine that you are a clinical geneticist. Your colleague is an oncologist who wants your help explaining the basics of genetics to their patient, who will be undergoing genetic testing in the coming weeks for possible acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced by the radiation she had several years ago for breast cancer. Write a 1,050- to 1,225-word memo to your colleague. Include the following in your memo: An explanation of the molecular structure of DNA and RNA, highlighting both similarities and differences A description of the processes of transcription and translation An explanation of the differences between leading and lagging strands and how the DNA is replicated in each strand Reponses to the following common questions patients might ask about this type of genetic testing and genetic disorder: Does AML run in families? What genes are tested for?

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: What are some potential consequences that could result if the processes of replication, transcription, and translation don’t function correctly? Provide an example of how you might explain these consequences in terms that patients might understand.