Chapter 19.9, Problem 38WDYL

a.

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The action, which increases stroke volume: (a) increased venous return, (b) increased ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ in sarcoplasm, or (c) afterload.

Concept introduction:

The blood ejected out during the contraction of ventricles is referred to stroke volume ( $SV$). The stroke volume is influenced by many other variables.

To determine: Whether the increased venous return increases stroke volume.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the increased ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ in sarcoplasm increases stroke volume.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the afterload increases stroke volume.