The preparation of the below given compound using directed aldol reactions has to be given. Concept Introduction: In directed aldol reactions, the enolate anion is prepared with one carbonyl compound by LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide). The other carbonyl compound acts as an electrophile. Both of the carbonyl compounds have α-hydrogens, but only one enolate is prepared using LDA. When unsymmetrical ketone is used, it forms less substituted enolate. LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide) is a strong base. It converts aldehydes , ketones and esters into their enolate anions.

Question

-AG|F=2E|V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: Acidic solution -0.93 +0.38 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3 -0.28 -0.50 → -0.50 Basic solution 3-1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH, 0.0 -0.5- 2 3 9 3 -1.5 -2.0 Pa H,PO H,PO H,PO -3 -1 0 2 4 Oxidation state, N 2 b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.9, Problem 19.17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of the below given compound using directed aldol reactions has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In directed aldol reactions, the enolate anion is prepared with one carbonyl compound by LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide). The other carbonyl compound acts as an electrophile. Both of the carbonyl compounds have α-hydrogens, but only one enolate is prepared using LDA. When unsymmetrical ketone is used, it forms less substituted enolate.

LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide) is a strong base. It converts aldehydes, ketones and esters into their enolate anions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of the below given compound using directed aldol reactions has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In directed aldol reactions, the enolate anion is prepared with one carbonyl compound by LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide). The other carbonyl compound acts as an electrophile. Both of the carbonyl compounds have α-hydrogens, but only one enolate is prepared using LDA. When unsymmetrical ketone is used, it forms less substituted enolate.

LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide) is a strong base. It converts aldehydes, ketones and esters into their enolate anions.

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-AG|F=2E|V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: Acidic solution -0.93 +0.38 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3 -0.28 -0.50 → -0.50 Basic solution 3-1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH, 0.0 -0.5- 2 3 9 3 -1.5 -2.0 Pa H,PO H,PO H,PO -3 -1 0 2 4 Oxidation state, N 2 b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…

These two reactions appear to start with the same starting materials but result in different products. How do the chemicals know which product to form? Are both products formed, or is there some information missing that will direct them a particular way?

What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 3 1 2 2. n-BuLi • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Priva ×

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.9, Problem 19.17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of the below given compound using directed aldol reactions has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In directed aldol reactions, the enolate anion is prepared with one carbonyl compound by LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide). The other carbonyl compound acts as an electrophile. Both of the carbonyl compounds have α-hydrogens, but only one enolate is prepared using LDA. When unsymmetrical ketone is used, it forms less substituted enolate.

LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide) is a strong base. It converts aldehydes, ketones and esters into their enolate anions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of the below given compound using directed aldol reactions has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In directed aldol reactions, the enolate anion is prepared with one carbonyl compound by LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide). The other carbonyl compound acts as an electrophile. Both of the carbonyl compounds have α-hydrogens, but only one enolate is prepared using LDA. When unsymmetrical ketone is used, it forms less substituted enolate.

LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide) is a strong base. It converts aldehydes, ketones and esters into their enolate anions.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.9, Problem 19.17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of the below given compound using directed aldol reactions has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In directed aldol reactions, the enolate anion is prepared with one carbonyl compound by LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide). The other carbonyl compound acts as an electrophile. Both of the carbonyl compounds have α-hydrogens, but only one enolate is prepared using LDA. When unsymmetrical ketone is used, it forms less substituted enolate.

LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide) is a strong base. It converts aldehydes, ketones and esters into their enolate anions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of the below given compound using directed aldol reactions has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

In directed aldol reactions, the enolate anion is prepared with one carbonyl compound by LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide). The other carbonyl compound acts as an electrophile. Both of the carbonyl compounds have α-hydrogens, but only one enolate is prepared using LDA. When unsymmetrical ketone is used, it forms less substituted enolate.

LDA (Lithium diisopropylamide) is a strong base. It converts aldehydes, ketones and esters into their enolate anions.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.9, Problem 19.17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction