Reagents and experimental conditions by which an oxanamide can synthesized from butanal has to be shown. Concept introduction: Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride. Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides (RMgX) are known as Grignard reagent . The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond Reaction of Grignard reagent with a formic ester followed by hydrolysis in aqueous acid yields secondary alcohol. Tertiary alcohol can be prepared by the reaction of Grignard reagent with ester other than formate.

Question

(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.58P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reagents and experimental conditions by which an oxanamide can synthesized from butanal has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides (RMgX) are known as Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond

Reaction of Grignard reagent with a formic ester followed by hydrolysis in aqueous acid yields secondary alcohol. Tertiary alcohol can be prepared by the reaction of Grignard reagent with ester other than formate.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of chiral centers and stereoisomers possible for the given compound has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Chiral centre:

A chiral centre is defined as the tetrahedral carbon atom in an organic molecule that is connected to four non-identical groups/substituents. It is sometimes known as a stereo genic centre.

Stereoisomers: Two compounds with same molecular formula but different in their orientation are considered as isomers.

Number of possible stereoisomers for a compound can be determined as,

No of possible stereoisomers = 2nwhere,n = no. of chiral atoms in the compound

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