Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 19.3, Problem 2CC
How does evolution account for (a) the similar mammalian forelimbs with different functions shown in Figure 19.16Q and (b) the similar forms of the two distantly related mammals shown in Figure 19.18Q?
Figure 19.16 Mammalian forelimbs: homologous structures.
Figure 19.18 Convergent evolution.
The ability to glide through the air evolved independently in these two distantly related mammals.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Mammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny bones. Reptiles, in contrast, have a single inner ear bone. The lower jaw of reptiles is composed of multiple bones while the lower jaw of mammals is a single bone. Fossil and developmental evidence indicate that the inner ear bones of mammals evolved from lower jawbones. This suggests that the inner ear bones of mammals are
1. an analogy
2. an exaptation
3. a living fossil
4. a transitional trait
5. a vestigial structure
Pakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and nostrils on the front of its skull. Modem whales have a
similar ear structure, but their nostrils are on the back of their skull. Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, had the same ear structure as both Pakicetus and
modern whales, but nostrils in the middle of its skull.
According to this information, the most likely concilusion that biologists could draw about the relationship of Aetiocetus to the other organisms is that
Aetiocetus
O evolved as whale ancestors lost their forward-placed nostrils through disuse.
O is the ancestor of both Pakicetus and modern whales.
O is not related to either Pakicetus or modern whales.
O is a transitional form between Pakicetus and modern whales.
Species
Embryo (A-F)
Describe the Anatomical
Changes from Early to Late
Stages
Human
Chicken
Rabbit
Tortoise
Salamander
В
Fish
A
Guide Questions:
1. Look again at the six embryos in their earliest stages. Describe the patterns you see. What physical
similarities exist between each of the embryos?
2. Does this suggest an evolutionary relationship? Explain how these embryos can be used as evidence of
a common ancestor between each of these six organisms.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 19.1 - How did Huttons and Lyells ideas influence Darwins...Ch. 19.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Scientific hypotheses must be...Ch. 19.2 - How does the concept of descent with modification...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the relationship between...Ch. 19.3 - Explain how the following statement is inaccurate:...Ch. 19.3 - How does evolution account for (a) the similar...Ch. 19.3 - WHAT IF? Fossils show that dinosaurs originated...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not an observation or...Ch. 19 - Which of the following observations helped Darwin...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 19 - The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly...Ch. 19 - DNA sequences In many human genes are very similar...Ch. 19 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Mosquitoes resistant to...Ch. 19 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Explain why anatomical and...Ch. 19 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS Write a short essay (about...Ch. 19 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This honeypot ant (genus...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
What were the major microbiological interests of Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky? It can be said tha...
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
True or false? Some trails are considered vestigial because they existed long ago.
Biological Science
Nursing Student with Neuropathic Pain
Tamara Costa broke her right tibia and has undergone two separate surger...
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Propose a model for the assembly of a flagellum in a typical Gram-positive cell envelope.
Prescott's Microbiology
2. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the information to produce a functional product. The functional product ...
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Define histology.
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Pakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and nostrils on the front of its skull. Modern whales have a similar ear structure, but their nostrils are on the back of their skull. Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, had the same ear structure as both Pakicetus and modern whales, but nostrils in the middle of its skull. According to this information, the most likely conclusion that biologists could draw about the relationship of Aetiocetus to the other organisms is that Aetiocetus...arrow_forwardMammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny bones. Reptiles, in contrast, have a single inner ear bone. The lower jaw of reptiles is composed of multiple bones while the lower jaw of mammals is a single bone. Fossil and developmental evidence indicate that the inner ear bones of mammals evolved from lower jawbones. This suggests that the inner ear bones of mammals are Mammal skull, including ear bones eardrum Reptile skull, including ear bone eardrum Oa transitional trait a vestigial structure a living fossil an exaptation an analogy MacBook Air DII DD F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 FV 23 24 % & 3 4. 6 7 8 U D F G H J K ~の * 00 O OOarrow_forwardOne important innovation in animals that can be seen very nearly in animals from the phylum Annelida is the evolution of segmentation. Explain reasons why segmentation may represent an evolutionary advantage for more complex animals???arrow_forward
- Mammals belong to a group of amniotes known as synapsids. Three major lineages of mammals had emerged by the early Cretaceous period. In a tabulated form, compare these three lineages to illustrate their diversity in terms of: a. Embryonic developmen, b. How the young are fed and c. Period of gestationarrow_forwardThe presence of tiny hairs, called setae, on the toe pads of some geckos is associated with the ability to adhere to smooth surfaces. This ability allows geckos to climb in areas where many predators cannot. Scientists studying the evolution of setae have identified three closely related species of gecko, only one of which can adhere to smooth surfaces.. A model of the evolutionary relatedness between these species is represented in the figure. G. humeralis 1 Can adhere OG. concinnatus O Cannot adhere O G. antillensis Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the evolutionary relationships shown in the model? G. concinnatus is more closely related to G. antillensis than to G. humeralis. DNA nnd protein segienci in common with G humeralis than with G concionatusarrow_forwardEyes are often used in arguments for intelligent design because many consider this organ to be too complex to have evolved by chance alone. However, complex lensed eyes evolved independently both within cephalod mollusks and vertebrates including our own ancestor. In the evolution of these structures the corresponding phylogenies revealed that both: A) were preceded by the evolution of 'simple' light sensing eyes, thus having adaptive intermediate evolutionary steps. B) lacked intermediate evolutionary steps involving the evolution of 'simple' eyes. C) had intermediate evolutionary steps, but ultimately the vertebrate eye had a superior 'design' without any kind of blind spot, relative to the simple invertebrate cephalopod eye. D) were preceded by vestigial non-functional optic structures.arrow_forward
- Neanderthals are recognizably human but have distinctive facial features and a stocky build that were evolutionary adaptations to cold, dry environments. They shared Europe for 10,000 years with Homo sapiens. Today they no longer exist. Beyond these facts the fate of Neanderthals has generated much debate. Why did Neanderthals become extinct? State at least four major factors to explain their fate.arrow_forwardOstrich wings are vestigial because they are too rudimentary to perform the function for which they evolved in the species’ flying ancestor. Nonetheless, the ostrich uses its wings for other purposes. For example, an ostrich may extend its wings to the side while running, to help maintain balance, and it may spread its wings as part of a threat display. These uses show that evolution by natural selection can sometimes repurpose vestigial structures that have lost the function for which they originally evolved. But whether a vestigial structure remains useless or acquires a new function, it is homologous to the version that retains its original function in other organisms and provides evidence of common ancestry. But are all similarities between different organisms the result of shared ancestry?arrow_forwardHomologous structures Anatomy?arrow_forward
- a- Tiktaalik is a fish that lived 375 million years ago that grew to three metres long and had aquatic features mixed with others more suited to life on land. The fossils of five Tiktaalik specimens reveal that the animals had a large, robust pelvic girdle, a prominent hip joint, and long hind fins. The powerful fins could have propelled the beast in the water, but also helped it walk on riverbeds, or scramble around on mudflats. It is believed that Tiktaalik evolved into four-legged land animals. The scientists have yet to find a Tiktaalik hind fin bone, or any remains that might shed light on the origins of toes. A picture of Tiktaalik is available at https://www.npr.org/2010/07/05/127937070/the-human-edge-finding-our-inner-fish Describe how Darwin would explain that evolution of hind legs (of land animals) actually began as enhanced hind fins (of Tiktaalik), referring to his relevant observations and inferences (History of Evolutionary Thought). Indicate where the observations and…arrow_forwardFlight in birds developed over time as a result of multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange were all vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardA genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to be expressedalong the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther backhelped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb.This type of change is illustrative of(A) the influence of environment on development.(B) paedomorphosis.(C) a change in a developmental gene or in its regulation thataltered the spatial organization of body parts.(D) heterochronyarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
From Sea to Changing Sea | Early Life in the Oceans || Radcliffe Institute; Author: Harvard University;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ac0TmDf5Feo;License: Standard youtube license