EBK PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134399485
Author: STANFIELD
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 19.2, Problem
Summary Introduction
To write:
Explanation about the establishment of an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla.
Introduction:
In the kidney, Henle’s Loop is part of the nephron where reabsorption takes place. It consists of two portions namely proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule. Its main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney, especially a high urea concentration. It uses electrolyte pumps near the papillary duct in collecting duct system. The water present in the filtrate flows through the channel out of the duct reducing the concentration gradient. This process triggers for water reabsorption.
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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 19.2 - What is the biggest health danger posed from the...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 19.2 - Prob. 19.1.1QCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 19.1.2QCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 19.1.3QCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 19.2.1QCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 19.2.2QCCh. 19.3 - Prob. 19.3.1QCCh. 19.3 - Prob. 19.3.2QC
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.3.3QCCh. 19.5 - What are the different types of osteoporosis, and...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 19.5 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 19.5 - Prob. 19.4.1QCCh. 19.5 - Prob. 19.4.2QCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 19.5.1QCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 19.5.2QCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 19.5.3QCCh. 19.7 - Prob. 19.6.1QCCh. 19.7 - Prob. 19.6.2QCCh. 19.7 - Prob. 19.6.3QCCh. 19 - Prob. 1ECh. 19 - Prob. 2ECh. 19 - Prob. 3ECh. 19 - Prob. 4ECh. 19 - Prob. 5ECh. 19 - Prob. 6ECh. 19 - Prob. 7ECh. 19 - Prob. 8ECh. 19 - Prob. 9ECh. 19 - Prob. 10ECh. 19 - Prob. 11ECh. 19 - Prob. 12ECh. 19 - Prob. 13ECh. 19 - Prob. 14ECh. 19 - A person has the following symptoms: arterial...Ch. 19 - Prob. 16ECh. 19 - Prob. 17ECh. 19 - Prob. 18ECh. 19 - Prob. 19ECh. 19 - Prob. 20ECh. 19 - Prob. 21ECh. 19 - Prob. 22ECh. 19 - Prob. 23ECh. 19 - Prob. 24ECh. 19 - Prob. 25ECh. 19 - Prob. 26ECh. 19 - Prob. 27ECh. 19 - Prob. 28ECh. 19 - Prob. 29ECh. 19 - Prob. 30ECh. 19 - Prob. 31ECh. 19 - Prob. 32ECh. 19 - Prob. 33ECh. 19 - Prob. 34ECh. 19 - Prob. 35ECh. 19 - Describe the changes in arterial Pco2 and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 37ECh. 19 - Prob. 38ECh. 19 - Prob. 39E
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