Chapter 19.12, Problem 8P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The correct procedure followed by the given conversions and the reason as to why other will fail is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Grignard reagent is prepared by the reaction of alkyl or aryl bromide with magnesium metal in the presence of ether. The reaction of Grignard reagent with an aldehyde/ketone followed by hydrolysis yields an alcohol.

The nucleophilic substitution reaction in which bond-making and bond-breaking takes place in same step is termed as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reactions. This is a one-step reaction in which both nucleophile and substrate participate in the rate determining step. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction gives inversion of configuration at the reaction centre.

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as nucleophile. In nucleophilc aromatic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by addition-elimination reaction or by elimination-addition reaction.