The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated. Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles. To determine: The stability of the 19 45 K nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Question

3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂O

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 59AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1945K nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 2656Fe nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1120Na nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 81194Tl nuclides and type of radioactivity.

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3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂O

You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Your organisation strives to ensure that >99.97% of bags of umami powder produced conforms to specification. What performance process index value is required to achieve this process yield? Calculate PPK using the following formula: Ppk = (USL – mean)/3 σ Ppk = (mean -LSL)/ 3 σ

You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Provide a valid and full justification as to whether you would advise your manager that the process is satisfactory when it is properly adjusted, or would you seek their approval to improve the process?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 59AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1945K nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 2656Fe nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1120Na nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 81194Tl nuclides and type of radioactivity.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 59AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1945K nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 2656Fe nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1120Na nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 81194Tl nuclides and type of radioactivity.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 59AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1945K nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 2656Fe nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1120Na nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 81194Tl nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 59AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1945K nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 2656Fe nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1120Na nuclides and type of radioactivity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 81194Tl nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 59AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1945K nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 59AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1945K nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 2656Fe nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 2656Fe nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1120Na nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 1120Na nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 81194Tl nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The stability of the given nuclide is to be predicted. The type of radioactivity of the unstable nuclide is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The nuclides having the neutron to proton ratio close to 1 are the stable nuclide. Nuclides, having the neutron to proton ratio greater or lesser than 1 , are unstable. They become stable by the emission of particles.

To determine: The stability of the 81194Tl nuclides and type of radioactivity.

Answer 14

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Ch. 19 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 3RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 5RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 6RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 7RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 8RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 9RQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 10RQ

Solution Summary: The author analyzes the stability of the given nuclide and the type of radioactivity of it.

Chapter 19 Solutions