Chapter 19, Problem 57PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given starting compounds and selective reagents used to accomplish the target products transformation should be draw and identified.

Concept introduction:

$S_{N}1$Reaction: The $S_{N}1$ reaction is twostep process, leaving group leaves the molecule is first step and forms the more stable carbocation. Further, nucleophile attacks the carbocation and forms the final product in the second step. The rate of the reaction depends on the stability of the carbocation.

$S_{N}2$Reaction: The $S_{N}2$ reaction is single step process, leaving group leaves the molecule and nucleophiles attack the molecule is single step process which is simultaneous process.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Grignard Reaction: This is a organometallic reaction in different alkyl, aryl-magnesium halides add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde and ketone. This reaction is an important for the conversion of carbon-carbon single (-C-C-) bond. Moreover the addition of a reagent to an aster, lactone gives a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids, it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water or diluted acid such as (HCl, H2SO4 etc.,).

Meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA): This reagent is extremely useful reagent most frequently encountered in the synthesis of epoxides when added to alkenes or alkynes.

To identify: The reagents used to accomplish the given transformation

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given starting compounds and selective reagents used to accomplish the target products transformation should be draw and identified.

Concept introduction:

$S_{N}1$Reaction: The $S_{N}1$ reaction is twostep process, leaving group leaves the molecule is first step and forms the more stable carbocation. Further, nucleophile attacks the carbocation and forms the final product in the second step. The rate of the reaction depends on the stability of the carbocation.

$S_{N}2$Reaction: The $S_{N}2$ reaction is single step process, leaving group leaves the molecule and nucleophiles attack the molecule is single step process which is simultaneous process.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Grignard Reaction: This is a organometallic reaction in different alkyl, aryl-magnesium halides add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde and ketone. This reaction is an important for the conversion of carbon-carbon single (-C-C-) bond. Moreover the addition of a reagent to an aster, lactone gives a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids, it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water or diluted acid such as (HCl, H2SO4 etc.,).

Meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA): This reagent is extremely useful reagent most frequently encountered in the synthesis of epoxides when added to alkenes or alkynes.

To identify: The reagents used to accomplish the given transformation

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given starting compounds and selective reagents used to accomplish the target products transformation should be draw and identified.

Concept introduction:

$S_{N}1$Reaction: The $S_{N}1$ reaction is twostep process, leaving group leaves the molecule is first step and forms the more stable carbocation. Further, nucleophile attacks the carbocation and forms the final product in the second step. The rate of the reaction depends on the stability of the carbocation.

$S_{N}2$Reaction: The $S_{N}2$ reaction is single step process, leaving group leaves the molecule and nucleophiles attack the molecule is single step process which is simultaneous process.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Grignard Reaction: This is a organometallic reaction in different alkyl, aryl-magnesium halides add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde and ketone. This reaction is an important for the conversion of carbon-carbon single (-C-C-) bond. Moreover the addition of a reagent to an aster, lactone gives a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids, it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water or diluted acid such as (HCl, H2SO4 etc.,).

Meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA): This reagent is extremely useful reagent most frequently encountered in the synthesis of epoxides when added to alkenes or alkynes.

To identify: The reagents used to accomplish the given transformation

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given starting compounds and selective reagents used to accomplish the target products transformation should be draw and identified.

Concept introduction:

$S_{N}1$Reaction: The $S_{N}1$ reaction is twostep process, leaving group leaves the molecule is first step and forms the more stable carbocation. Further, nucleophile attacks the carbocation and forms the final product in the second step. The rate of the reaction depends on the stability of the carbocation.

$S_{N}2$Reaction: The $S_{N}2$ reaction is single step process, leaving group leaves the molecule and nucleophiles attack the molecule is single step process which is simultaneous process.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Grignard Reaction: This is a organometallic reaction in different alkyl, aryl-magnesium halides add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde and ketone. This reaction is an important for the conversion of carbon-carbon single (-C-C-) bond. Moreover the addition of a reagent to an aster, lactone gives a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone.

Wittig reaction: This process allows the preparation of an alkene by the reaction of an aldehyde ( $\text{-CHO}$) or ketone ( $\text{-C=O}$) with ylides generated from a phosphonium salt. The geometry of the resulting cis, trans alkene depends on the reactivity of the ylide.

Condensation reaction:  The several organic reactions that proceeds in a step-wise reaction to produce the addition product. This type of reaction involves the formation of ammonia, ethanol or mineral acids, it is a versatile class of reaction that can occur in acidic or basic conditions or in the presence of catalyst.

Hydrolysis Reaction: This type of reaction involving the braking of a carbon-carbon triple, double bonds in a molecules using water or diluted acid such as (HCl, H2SO4 etc.,).

Meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA): This reagent is extremely useful reagent most frequently encountered in the synthesis of epoxides when added to alkenes or alkynes.

To identify: The reagents used to accomplish the given transformation