Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399920
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 3P
Look at Figure 19-3. The lag time is the difference between when the P waves arrived and when the S waves arrived. Using the earthquake data shown in the figure, what is the lag time? Form a general conclusion about the relationship between lag times and locations of earthquakes.
Figure 19-3 A seismograph in northern Canada made this record of seismic waves from an earth-quake in Mexico. The first vibrations, P waves, arrived 11 minutes after the quake, but the slower S waves took 20 minutes to make the journey.
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Tutorial
An earthquake occurs 7,375 km from a seismograph.
The P-waves arrive 12.2 minutes later. How fast is the
P-wave traveling (in km/s)?
If the lag time between P- and S-waves is 10.6 minutes,
how fast are the S-waves traveling (in km/s)?
Using the shadow of S-waves you determine that the
radius of the core is 55% of the Earth's 6,378-km radius.
How many kilometers from the surface is this (in km)?
Part 1 of 3
To calculate how fast the P-waves are traveling, we
need to divide the distance the waves travel by the
time.
d
Vp =
Make sure you are dividing by the time in seconds. s
Vp =
Make sure you are dividing by the time in seconds. km/s
For a reflection seismic survey, where the subsurface has an average P-wave velocity of 1000m/s and we use a 10ms seismic wavelet, the best resolution we could obtain is?a. 1 mb. 2.5 mc. 5md. 10 m
2e descr
ons. Th
Learning Taak 1: Study the activity. Follow the procedure before answering the
questions.
n the
Find the Epicenter
(Adapted and modified from the Learner's Materlal)
zon
Materials:
Hypothetical records of earthquake waves
Philippine map
Drawing compass and ruler
Marking pens (3 different colors)
Procedure:
Study the data showing the difference in the arrival time of P-wave
and S-wave on three seismic recording stations.
Distance of epicen-
Time difference in
tre from the station
the arrival time of P-
Recording station
(km)
wave and S-wave
40
Occidental Mindoro
32
Samar
36
Zambonga del Norte
1. Compute the distance of the epicenter from each of the stations using
this formula:
d = time difference x 100 km
8 seconds
where: d distance (km)
td = time difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave (seconds)
This formula is suited because 8 seconds is the interval between the times
of arrival of the P-wave and S-wave at a distance of 100 km.
2. Choose one of the…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19 - Why would you include the Moon in a comparison of...Ch. 19 - Compare and contrast the compositions of the...Ch. 19 - Which is the most geologically active Terrestrial...Ch. 19 - In what ways is Earth unique among the Terrestrial...Ch. 19 - Which Terrestrial worlds have thin or no...Ch. 19 - Describe the four stages of Terrestrial planet...Ch. 19 - The Moon did not pass through all of the four...Ch. 19 - Earth shows few craters on its surface. What is...Ch. 19 - How do you know that Earth is differentiated?Ch. 19 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 19 - What keeps Earths interior warm today?Ch. 19 - Lava flows today are examples of basin flooding....Ch. 19 - Describe three forms of erosion that cause slow...Ch. 19 - Which type of seismic wave cannot pass through...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15RQCh. 19 - Which of the five Terrestrial worlds have bow...Ch. 19 - How is the root cause of earthquakes in Hawaii...Ch. 19 - What characteristics must Earths core have to...Ch. 19 - Which of the five Terrestrial worlds have plate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20RQCh. 19 - How do island chains located in the centers of...Ch. 19 - What evidence can you give that the Atlantic Ocean...Ch. 19 - How are the inferred properties of Earths original...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24RQCh. 19 - Prob. 25RQCh. 19 - Life on Earth exists because of oxygen in Earths...Ch. 19 - Prob. 27RQCh. 19 - Prob. 28RQCh. 19 - Prob. 29RQCh. 19 - Prob. 30RQCh. 19 - Prob. 31RQCh. 19 - Prob. 32RQCh. 19 - Why would a decrease in the density of the ozone...Ch. 19 - How Do We Know? How can the flow of energy out of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 35RQCh. 19 - Look at Figure 19-3. The earthquake occurred 7440...Ch. 19 - Look at Figure 19-3. The lag time is the...Ch. 19 - What percentage of Earths volume is the metallic...Ch. 19 - How many magnetic pole reversals has Earth endured...Ch. 19 - If the Atlantic seafloor is spreading at 3.0...Ch. 19 - The Hawaiian-Emperor chain of undersea volcanoes...Ch. 19 - From Hawaii to the bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9PCh. 19 - Prob. 1SOPCh. 19 - Prob. 2SOPCh. 19 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 19 - Look at the hemispheres of Earth shown on the two...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 19 - Look at Figure 19-9. Rising from Earths surface to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5LTLCh. 19 - What do you see in this photo that suggests heat...
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