Essential University Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134988559
Author: Wolfson, Richard
Publisher: Pearson Education,
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Question
Chapter 19, Problem 3FTD
To determine
The limit of maximum temperature that can be achieved by focusing sunlight with a lens.
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Q1:
(a) A water tank is completely filled with liquid water at 60°C. The tank material is such
that it can withstand tension caused by a volume expansion of 4%. Determine the
maximum temperature rise allowed without jeopardizing safety. Take water coefficient
of expansion (ß) as 5.22 x 104 1/K at this temperature.
(b) A weight, as shown in figure Qlb-(a) has to move at constant velocity of 2 m/s on an
inclined surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.27. The width of the block is 20 cm.
V = 2 m/s
50 cm
F1 = ?
45°
200 N
Fig Qlb-(a)
i.
Determine the force (F1) that needs to be applied in the horizontal direction.
ii.
By applying a thick oil film as shown in figure Qlb-(b), the force required to
push the block reduced by 45%. If dynamic viscosity of the oil is 12 cP,
determine the oil layer thickness.
V = 2 m/s,
h = ?
F2 = 0.45F1
| 45°
200 N
Fig Qlb-(b)
within a 4 cm pi
-05857 cP
litres per seconds
rifice plate. The
L031282-0.18
diameter to pipe d
30 сm
*93. Concrete sidewalks are always laid in sections, with gaps between each
section. For example, the drawing shows three identical 2.4-m sections,
the outer two of which are against immovable walls. The two identical
gaps between the sections are provided so that thermal expansion will not
create the thermal stress that could lead to cracks. What is the minimum
gap width necessary to account for an increase in temperature of 32 C°?
Scientists experiment with a balloon near a Himalayan fresh water lake at an altitude of 5000 m where atmospheric pressure is half of that at sea level. The temperature of the lake is uniform with depth and identical to the air at the surface of the lake. To what depth should a balloon be taken under the lake to reduce its volume by a factor of 4?
answer: 20m
Chapter 19 Solutions
Essential University Physics
Ch. 19.1 - Which of these processes is irreversible? (a)...Ch. 19.2 - The low temperature for a practical heat engine is...Ch. 19.3 - A clever engineer decides to increase the...Ch. 19.4 - In each of the following processes, does the...Ch. 19 - Could you cool the kitchen by leaving the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 19 - Prob. 3FTDCh. 19 - Name some irreversible processes that occur in a...Ch. 19 - Your power company claims that electric heat is...Ch. 19 - A hydroelectric power plant, using the energy of...
Ch. 19 - A heat-pump manufacturer claims the device will...Ch. 19 - The heat Q added during adiabatic free expansion...Ch. 19 - Energy is conserved, so why cant we recycle it as...Ch. 19 - Why doesnt the evolution of human civilization...Ch. 19 - What are the efficiencies of reversible heat...Ch. 19 - A cosmic heat engine might operate between the...Ch. 19 - A reversible Carnot engine operating between...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine absorbs 900 J of heat each cycle...Ch. 19 - Find the COP of a reversible refrigerator...Ch. 19 - Prob. 16ECh. 19 - The human body can be 25% efficient at converting...Ch. 19 - Calculate the entropy change associated with...Ch. 19 - You metabolize a 650-kcal burger at your 37C body...Ch. 19 - You heat 250 g of water from 10C to 95C. By how...Ch. 19 - Melting a block of lead already at its melting...Ch. 19 - How much energy becomes unavailable for work in an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 23ECh. 19 - Prob. 24ECh. 19 - Example 19.1: A Carnot engine’s mechanical power...Ch. 19 - Prob. 26ECh. 19 - Prob. 27ECh. 19 - Prob. 28ECh. 19 - Prob. 29ECh. 19 - Prob. 30ECh. 19 - Example 19.4: A gas cylinder with interior volume...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine extracts 745 J from a 592-K...Ch. 19 - The maximum steam temperature in a nuclear power...Ch. 19 - Youre engineering an energy-efficient house that...Ch. 19 - A power plants electrical output is 750 MW....Ch. 19 - A power plant extracts energy from steam at 280C...Ch. 19 - The electric power output of all the thermal...Ch. 19 - Prob. 38PCh. 19 - You operate an industrial freezer that maintains...Ch. 19 - Use appropriate energy-flow diagrams to analyze...Ch. 19 - Prob. 41PCh. 19 - A refrigerator maintains an interior temperature...Ch. 19 - You operate a store thats heated by an oil furnace...Ch. 19 - Use energy-flow diagrams to show that the...Ch. 19 - An air-source heat pump has an actual COP of 2.72...Ch. 19 - A reversible engine contains 0.350 mol of ideal...Ch. 19 - (a) Determine the efficiency for the cycle shown...Ch. 19 - Prob. 48PCh. 19 - A shallow pond contains 94 Mg of water. In winter,...Ch. 19 - Estimate the rate of entropy increase associated...Ch. 19 - The temperature of n moles of ideal gas is changed...Ch. 19 - The temperature of n moles of ideal gas is changed...Ch. 19 - A 6.36-mol sample of ideal diatomic gas is at 1.00...Ch. 19 - A 250-g sample of water at 80C is mixed with 250 g...Ch. 19 - An ideal gas undergoes a process that takes it...Ch. 19 - In an adiabatic free expansion, 6.36 mol of ideal...Ch. 19 - Find the entropy change when a 2.4-kg aluminum pan...Ch. 19 - An engine with mechanical power output 8.5 kW...Ch. 19 - Find the change in entropy as 2.00 kg of H2O at...Ch. 19 - Prob. 60PCh. 19 - The compression ratio r of an engine is the ratio...Ch. 19 - Prob. 62PCh. 19 - The 54-M W wood-fired McNeil Generating Station in...Ch. 19 - A 500-g copper block at 80C is dropped into 1.0 kg...Ch. 19 - An objects heat capacity is inversely proportional...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine extracts heat from a block of mass...Ch. 19 - In an alternative universe, youve got the...Ch. 19 - Youre the environmental protection officer for a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 69PCh. 19 - Prob. 70PCh. 19 - The molar specific heat at constant pressure for a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 72PCh. 19 - Energy-efficiency specialists measure the heat Qh...Ch. 19 - Refrigerators remain among the greatest consumers...Ch. 19 - The refrigerators COP is a. 13. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4.Ch. 19 - The fuel energy consumed at the power plant to run...Ch. 19 - Prob. 77PP
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Similar questions
- Two concrete spans that form a bridge of length L are placed end to end so that no room is allowed for expansion (Fig. P16.63a). If a temperature increase of T occurs, what is the height y to which the spans rise when they buckle (Fig. P16.63b)?arrow_forwardTwo cylinders A and B at the same temperature contain the same quantity of the same kind of gas. Cylinder A has three times the volume of cylinder B. What can you conclude about the pressures the gases exert? (a) We can conclude nothing about the pressures. (b) The pressure in A is three times the pressure in B. (c) The pressures must be equal. (d) The pressure in A must be one-third the pressure in B.arrow_forwardThe height of the Washington Monument is measured to be 170.00 m on a day when the temperature is 35.0 . What will its height be on a day when the temperature falls to -10.0 ? Although the monument is made of limestone, assume that its coefficient of thermal expansion is the same as that of marble. Give your answer to five significant figures.arrow_forward
- One way to cool a gas is to let it expand. When a certain gas under a pressure of 5.00 106 Ha at 25.0C is allowed to expand to 3.00 times its original volume, its final pressure is 1.07 106 Pa. (a) What is the initial temperature of the gas in Kelvin? (b) What is the final temperature of the system? (See Section 10.4.)arrow_forwarda) What is the percentage increase in temperature between 0°C and 26°C when the temperatures are measured in Kelvin? What is the difference between these two temperatures when measured in Kelvin? The outlet of a rocket engine has a cylindrical shape. Its diameter is 2.5m when constructed in the factory at 18°C. Given a = 6 x 10-6K-1 for the alloy used, what will its diameter be (in metres) at its operating temperature of 600°C ? d) What will the cross-sectional area of the outlet be (in m²) at this temperature?arrow_forwardProblem 3: Railroad tracks are made from segments L = 76 m long at T = 20° C. When the tracks are laid, the engineers leave gaps of width I between adjacent segments to allow for thermal expansion. The coefficient of linear expansion is a = 12 × 10-6 °C-1 and engineers design the tracks to withstand temperatures of Te = 36 degrees. Part (a) Enter an expression, in terms of given variables, for the minimum gap distance I the engineers must leave for a track rated at temperature Tc 1= Part (b) What is the minimum gap distance in meters? Part (c) Suppose the engineers forgot to add the gaps at the beginning of 15 segments. How much longer, in meters, would the track be at T?arrow_forward
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