Essential University Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134988559
Author: Wolfson, Richard
Publisher: Pearson Education,
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Question
Chapter 19, Problem 16E
To determine
The work done by a refrigerator with
COP=4 .2
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A household refrigerator is .maintained at a
temperature of 2°C. Every time the door is
opened, warm material is placed inside
introducing an average of 420 kJ, but making
only a small change in the temperature of the
refrigerator. The door is opened 20 times a
day and the refrigerator operates at 15% of the
Ideal COP. The cost of the work is 4 rupees
per kWh. What is the monthly bill for this
refrigerator? The atmosphere is at 30°C.
You have just bought a Carnot refrigerator to keep your frozen vegetables frozen. If you intend to run your refrigerator between the cold temperature reservoir at -5°C (the inside of the box) and the high temperature reservoir at 26°C (your kitchen temperature) how much work will be needed to draw 15 J of heat from the cold reservoir?
A 32% efficient electric power plant produces 900 MJ of electric energy per second and discharges waste heat into 20°C ocean water. Suppose the waste heat could be used to heat homes during the winter instead of being discharged into the ocean. A typical American house requires an average 20 kW for heating. How many homes could be heated with the waste heat of this one power plant?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Essential University Physics
Ch. 19.1 - Which of these processes is irreversible? (a)...Ch. 19.2 - The low temperature for a practical heat engine is...Ch. 19.3 - A clever engineer decides to increase the...Ch. 19.4 - In each of the following processes, does the...Ch. 19 - Could you cool the kitchen by leaving the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 19 - Prob. 3FTDCh. 19 - Name some irreversible processes that occur in a...Ch. 19 - Your power company claims that electric heat is...Ch. 19 - A hydroelectric power plant, using the energy of...
Ch. 19 - A heat-pump manufacturer claims the device will...Ch. 19 - The heat Q added during adiabatic free expansion...Ch. 19 - Energy is conserved, so why cant we recycle it as...Ch. 19 - Why doesnt the evolution of human civilization...Ch. 19 - What are the efficiencies of reversible heat...Ch. 19 - A cosmic heat engine might operate between the...Ch. 19 - A reversible Carnot engine operating between...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine absorbs 900 J of heat each cycle...Ch. 19 - Find the COP of a reversible refrigerator...Ch. 19 - Prob. 16ECh. 19 - The human body can be 25% efficient at converting...Ch. 19 - Calculate the entropy change associated with...Ch. 19 - You metabolize a 650-kcal burger at your 37C body...Ch. 19 - You heat 250 g of water from 10C to 95C. By how...Ch. 19 - Melting a block of lead already at its melting...Ch. 19 - How much energy becomes unavailable for work in an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 23ECh. 19 - Prob. 24ECh. 19 - Example 19.1: A Carnot engine’s mechanical power...Ch. 19 - Prob. 26ECh. 19 - Prob. 27ECh. 19 - Prob. 28ECh. 19 - Prob. 29ECh. 19 - Prob. 30ECh. 19 - Example 19.4: A gas cylinder with interior volume...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine extracts 745 J from a 592-K...Ch. 19 - The maximum steam temperature in a nuclear power...Ch. 19 - Youre engineering an energy-efficient house that...Ch. 19 - A power plants electrical output is 750 MW....Ch. 19 - A power plant extracts energy from steam at 280C...Ch. 19 - The electric power output of all the thermal...Ch. 19 - Prob. 38PCh. 19 - You operate an industrial freezer that maintains...Ch. 19 - Use appropriate energy-flow diagrams to analyze...Ch. 19 - Prob. 41PCh. 19 - A refrigerator maintains an interior temperature...Ch. 19 - You operate a store thats heated by an oil furnace...Ch. 19 - Use energy-flow diagrams to show that the...Ch. 19 - An air-source heat pump has an actual COP of 2.72...Ch. 19 - A reversible engine contains 0.350 mol of ideal...Ch. 19 - (a) Determine the efficiency for the cycle shown...Ch. 19 - Prob. 48PCh. 19 - A shallow pond contains 94 Mg of water. In winter,...Ch. 19 - Estimate the rate of entropy increase associated...Ch. 19 - The temperature of n moles of ideal gas is changed...Ch. 19 - The temperature of n moles of ideal gas is changed...Ch. 19 - A 6.36-mol sample of ideal diatomic gas is at 1.00...Ch. 19 - A 250-g sample of water at 80C is mixed with 250 g...Ch. 19 - An ideal gas undergoes a process that takes it...Ch. 19 - In an adiabatic free expansion, 6.36 mol of ideal...Ch. 19 - Find the entropy change when a 2.4-kg aluminum pan...Ch. 19 - An engine with mechanical power output 8.5 kW...Ch. 19 - Find the change in entropy as 2.00 kg of H2O at...Ch. 19 - Prob. 60PCh. 19 - The compression ratio r of an engine is the ratio...Ch. 19 - Prob. 62PCh. 19 - The 54-M W wood-fired McNeil Generating Station in...Ch. 19 - A 500-g copper block at 80C is dropped into 1.0 kg...Ch. 19 - An objects heat capacity is inversely proportional...Ch. 19 - A Carnot engine extracts heat from a block of mass...Ch. 19 - In an alternative universe, youve got the...Ch. 19 - Youre the environmental protection officer for a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 69PCh. 19 - Prob. 70PCh. 19 - The molar specific heat at constant pressure for a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 72PCh. 19 - Energy-efficiency specialists measure the heat Qh...Ch. 19 - Refrigerators remain among the greatest consumers...Ch. 19 - The refrigerators COP is a. 13. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4.Ch. 19 - The fuel energy consumed at the power plant to run...Ch. 19 - Prob. 77PP
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- A heat engine uses two containers held at different temperatures. One container is at 294 K, while the other is kept at 552 K. What is the maximum possible efficiency for this engine?arrow_forwardSix kilograms of liquid water at 0° C is put into the freezer compartment of a Carnot refrigerator. The temperature of the compartment is -15.3° C, and the temperature of the kitchen is 24.9° C. If the cost of electrical energy is ten cents per kilowatt · hour, how much does it cost to make two kilograms of ice at 0° C?arrow_forwardA Carnot air conditioner takes energy from the thermal energy of a room at 59°F and transfers it as heat to the outdoors, which is at 96°F. For each joule of electric energy required to operate the air conditioner, how many joules are removed from the room? Number Units Use correct number of significant digits; the tolerance is +/-2%arrow_forward
- A completely reversible refrigerator operates between thermal energy reservoirs at 450 R and 540 R. How many kilowatts of power are required for this device to produce a 15,000-Btu/h cooling effect?arrow_forwardA sleeping 68 kg man has a metabolic power of 75 W . How many Calories does he burn during an 8.0 hour sleep? Express your answer using two significant figures.arrow_forwardAs a gasoline engine is running, the amount of gasoline containing 15,000J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 3,000J of work. The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 2500 K. The waste heat from the engine flows into the air at about 300 K. What is the Carnot efficiency of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?arrow_forward
- A 1 kg bar of copper is heated at atmospheric pressure. If its temperature increases from 20°C to 50°C, What is the work done on the copper bar by the surrounding atmosphere?arrow_forwardRocky spends all the afternoon hours watching sports on cable TV. In the process, he does 1118 J of work. During this time, his internal energy decreases by 627 Determine the value of Q.arrow_forwardA Carnot refrigerator exhausts heat to the air, which is at a temperature of 25 °C . How much power is used by the refrigerator if it freezes 1.5 g of water per second? Assume the water is at 0 °C .arrow_forward
- 250 students sit in an auditorium listening to a physics lecture. Because they are thinking hard, each is using 125 W of metabolic power, slightly more than they would use at rest. An air conditioner with a COP of 5.0 is being used to keep the room at a constant temperature. What minimum electric powermust be used to operate the air conditioner?arrow_forwardA 2.00 L container of left-over soup at a temperature of 323 K is placed in a refrigerator. Assume the specific heat of the soup is the same as that of water and the density is 1.25 x 103 kg/m3. The refrigerator cools the soup to 283 K. If the K is 5.00, find the energy needed, in the form of work, to cool the soup. If the compressor has the power rating of 0.250 hp, for what minimum length of time must it operate to cool the soup to 283 K?arrow_forwardA typical coal-fired power plant burns 340 metric tons of coal every hour to generate 2.5 × 106 MJ of energy. One metric ton has a mass of 1000 kg and a metric ton of coal has a volume of 1.5 m^3. The heat of combustion is 28 MJ/kg. What is the power plant’s efficiency?arrow_forward
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