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(a)
Interpretation:
The element experiencing oxidation or reduction, the species being oxidized or reduced and the change in oxidation number are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
A species gain or loses electrons to form anions or cations respectively. If an atom loses an electron, the atom is said to be oxidized and the process is called oxidation. Similarly, if the atom gains electrons it is said to be reduced and the process is called reduction. To keep a track on the loss or gain of an electron, a number is assigned in the form of oxidation number.
(b)
Interpretation:
The element experiencing oxidation or reduction, the species being oxidized or reduced and the change in oxidation number are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
A species gain or loses electrons to form anions or cations respectively. If an atom loses an electron, the atom is said to be oxidized and the process is called oxidation. Similarly, if the atom gains electrons it is said to be reduced and the process is called reduction. To keep a track on the loss or gain of an electron, a number is assigned in the form of oxidation number.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- Gold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forwardThe iron content of hemoglobin is determined by destroying the hemoglobin molecule and producing small water-soluble ions and molecules. The iron in the aqueous solution is reduced to iron(II) ion and then titrated against potassium permanganate. In the titration, iron(ll) is oxidized to iron(III) and permanganate is reduced to manganese(II) ion. A 5.00-g sample of hemoglobin requires 32.3 mL of a 0.002100 M solution of potassium permanganate. The reaction with permanganate ion is MnO4(aq)+8H+(aq)+5Fe2+(aq)Mn2+(aq)+5Fe3+(aq)+4H2O What is the mass percent of iron in hemoglobin?arrow_forward1. If you wish to convert 0.0100 mol of Au3+ (aq) ions into Au(s) in a “gold-plating” process, how long must you electrolyze a solution if the current passing through the circuit is 2.00 amps? 483 seconds 4.83 104 seconds 965 seconds 1450 secondsarrow_forward
- Four metals, A, B, C, and D, exhibit the following properties: (a) Only A and C react with 1.0 M hydrochloric acid to give H2(g). (b) When C is added to solutions of the ions of the other metals, metallic B, D, and A are formed. (c) Metal D reduces Bn+ to give metallic B and Dn+. Based on this information, arrange the four metals in order of increasing ability to act as reducing agents.arrow_forwardWrite balanced net ionic equations for the following reactions in acid solution. (a) Liquid hydrazine reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium bromate. Nitrogen gas and bromide ions are formed. (b) Solid phosphorus (P4) reacts with an aqueous solution of nitrate to form nitrogen oxide gas and dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) ions. (c) Aqueous solutions of potassium sulfite and potassium permanganate react. Sulfate and manganese(II) ions are formed.arrow_forwardBalance the equation for the following precipitation reaction, and then write the net ionic equation. Indicate the state of each species (s, , aq, or g). CdCl2+NaOHCd(OH)2+NaClarrow_forward
- The Toliens test for the presence of reducing sugars (say, in a urine sample) involves treating the sample with silver ions in aqueous ammonia. The result is the formation of a silver mirror within the reaction vessel if a reducing sugar is present. Using glucose, C6H12O6, to illustrate this test, the oxidation-reduction reaction occurring is C6H12O6 (aq) + 2 Ag+(aq) + 2OH(aq) C6H12O7(aq) + 2 Ag(s) + H2O() What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? What is the oxidizing agent, and what is the reducing agent? Tolien's test. The reaction of silver ions with a sugar such as glucose produces metallic silver. (a) The set-up for the reaction. (b) The silvered test tubearrow_forwardDetermine the oxidation states of the elements in the following compounds: (a) Nal (b) GdCl3 (c) LiNO3 (d) H2Se (e) Mg2Si (f) RbO2, rubidium superoxide (g) HFarrow_forwardAn electrolytic cell is set up with Cd(s) in Cd(NO3)2(aq) and Zn(s) in Zn(NO3)2(aq). Initially both electrodesweigh 5.00 g. After running the cell for several hours theelectrode in the left compartment weighs 4.75 g. (a) Which electrode is in the left compartment? (b) Does the mass of the electrode in the right compartmentincrease, decrease, or stay the same? If the masschanges, what is the new mass? (c) Does the volume of the electrode in the right compartment increase, decrease, or stay the same? If the volumechanges, what is the new volume? (The density of Cd is8.65 g/cm3.)arrow_forward
- Triiodide ions are generated in solution by the following (unbalanced) reaction in acidic solution: IO3(aq) + I(aq) I3(aq) Triiodide ion concentration is determined by titration with a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution. The products are iodide ion and tetrathionate ion (S4O6). a. Balance the equation for the reaction of IO3 with I ions. b. A sample of 0.6013 g of potassium iodate was dissolved in water. Hydrochloric acid and solid potassium iodide were then added. What is the minimum mass of solid KI and the minimum volume of 3.00 M HQ required to convert all of the IO3 ions to I ions? c. Write and balance the equation for the reaction of S2O32 with I3 in acidic solution. d. A 25.00-mL sample of a 0.0100 M solution of KIO. is reacted with an excess of KI. It requires 32.04 mL of Na2S2O3 solution to titrate the I3 ions present. What is the molarity of the Na2S2O3 solution? e. How would you prepare 500.0 mL of the KIO3 solution in part d using solid KIO3?arrow_forwardSodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3, is used as a fixer in black-and-white photography. Suppose you have a bottle of sodium thiosulfate and want to determine its purity. The thiosulfate ion can be oxidized with I2 according to the balanced, net ionic equation I2(aq) + 2 S2O32(aq) 2 I(aq) + S4O62 (aq) If you use 40.21 mL of 0.246 M I2 in a titration, what is the weight percent of Na2S2O3 in a 3.232-g sample of impure material?arrow_forwardThe blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
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