Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 2.3P
To determine
Identify the role of the social security taxes on employment compensation.
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The following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Academia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the
equilibrium number of research assistants is 250.
Suppose the government has decided to institute a $2-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should
be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side).
Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per
hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars
per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the
Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will not be…
The following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Academia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the equilibrium number of research assistants is 250.
Suppose the government has decided to institute a $4-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side).
Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will not be…
Draw a wage setting curve, with the wage (S/hr) on the y-axis and the employment level on the x-axis. a. Suppose the market wage is $35/hr. Label this market wage on your graph of your wage setting
curve, W1 = $35/hr. Label the corresponding level of market employment, E1. b. Draw a second graph of a firm with pricing power that uses labor in their production process. Assume their marginal cost of
production is equal to the labor rate of $35/hr. Draw this firms demand curve, marginal revenue curve and marginal cost curve. (Any downward sloping demand curve and marginal revenue curve will do, as
long as the y-intercept is above marginal cost (e.g., P = 100-10Q, MR = 100-20Q).) Label the firms profit maximizing level of price and quantity. c. Now, suppose a global pandemic reduces aggregate
demand. How does this affect the demand curve the firm faces? How does this affect the production quantity, and labor demanded? Show this on your firm profit maximization graph. d. Assume employees…
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Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
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- Part B: As a policy analyst for the Congressional Budget Office, you have been asked to estimate the potential costs of occupational licensing to the U.S. economy. Using demand analysis, a basic examination of the national costs of licensing could be developed as follows: Suppose that the entire 10 percent wage premium is from market power (as opposed to greater productivity from enhanced human capital), and further assume that labor supply is perfectly elastic and the labor demand elasticity is 0.5. Hypothetically, assume that the Census data suggests that there are approximately 68 million licensed workers in the U.S. Also assume that the average earning is $50,000. Calculate the potential job loss and the annual cost to consumers as a consequence of occupational licensing. Hint: Recall that the movement up the demand curve is the change in wages times the labor demand elasticity times the number of workers. To calculate the costs, what would a license worker make if they were…arrow_forwardPlease answerarrow_forwardExplain your answer comprehensively about the question stated below: Suppose Congress were to mandate that all employers had to offer their employees a life insurance policy worth at least $50,000. Use Economic Theory and concepts, both positively and normatively, to analyze the effects of this mandate on employee well-being. What effect does this mandate have on the demand for labor? Use also curve to demonstrate the answer.arrow_forward
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