A.
To determine: The probable cause of the man’s symptoms.
Introduction. In terms of body shape and image AAS users also undergo a condition called muscle dysmorphia. This is also known as reverse anorexia, where the individual starts to perceive his/her body as too small, too muscular or insufficiently lean.
A.
Explanation of Solution
The chest pain is generally considered as a first sign of an underlying heart condition. The other symptoms like shortness of breath, high pulse rate can also be indicative of oxygen and blood not reaching properly to the heart. The elevated ST segment with T wave inversion implies that the individual is undergoing myocardial damage due to lack of oxygen reaching the heart. The myocardial damage can be diagnosed as heart attack because of the elevated creatine enzyme from heart muscles (CK-MB) and troponin I which is a cardiac enzyme and the elevation of this enzyme is indicative of heart attack.
B.
To determine: The origin of left arm pain and increased heart rate.
Introduction: A disorder is the dysregulation or disruption of the structure of the body or function. This is due to the effect of a pathological organism or condition inside the body.
B.
Explanation of Solution
The presence of a clot or plaque can cut off the oxygen supply of the lungs to the heart. Left arm pain is one of the common symptoms of heart attack. The nerves that branch from heart are present on the right side and the arteries that bring blood to the heart are on left side. The hindrance in the blood reaching the heart can cause pain in the left side and also increase blood pressure due to increased stress on heart to pump blood in the body. The cardiac enzymes activate parts of vagus nerve that is attached to the heart add triggers the hindbrain to produce nausea like effects.
C.
To determine: The significance of the ST segment and elevation in troponin I levels.
Introduction: Diseases like cardiovascular disorders, type II diabetes cannot be classified under one cause, as they are a result of several abnormalities like excess weight, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high-cholesterol diet and so on. These ailments are interconnected and lead to the gradual development of chronic diseases.
C.
Explanation of Solution
The ST elevation is considered important if the vertical distance inside the ECG trace and the baseline at a point 0.04 seconds after the presence of J-point is at least 0.1 microvolt’s. This represents the interval between the ventricular depolarization anddepolarization and so the elevation is an abnormality that is linked to myocardial ischemia or infarction. The elevation of the cardiac troponin I level indicates the presence of an underlying myocardial injury. The elevation of the troponin enzyme can also indicate the acute pulmonary embolism, heart failure, myocarditis or end stage renal disease.
D.
To determine: The relation between the actions of aspirin, morphine, and oxygen to treatment of man’s condition.
Introduction: Among the blood vessels, the pulmonary artery, vein and aorta form the largest and most important vessel system the cardiovascular system is made of different components. The heart constitutes the primary organs of the system and the arteries, veins, and blood capillariesfrom the associated structures of the cardiovascular system.
D.
Explanation of Solution
Aspirin is majorly used as an analgesic to treat pain from aches and fever. Aspirin is also used as a blood thinner to prevent the blood from clotting during myocardial infarction. Morphine is a pain reliever that helps to reduce the pain in the left arm and in the chest arising from heart attack. Oxygen is given to meet the body’s requirements for oxygen as the blood from the heart is interrupted to reach the body’s tissues from clot or plaque in the arteries.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involvedarrow_forwardIf you wanted to reduce the difference between peak and trough levels that occur with repeated administration of a drug, how would you adjust the dose and dose interval without changing the plateau concentration (plateau is the average of peak and trough levels)? Select your answers for both dose and interval. Hint: It may be helpful to think about this problem using an example such as food. How would you eat if you wanted to maintain very steady hunger/satiety levels without changing your total caloric intake? Options: A. Dose; Increase dose B. Dose; Decrease dose C. Dose; Do not change dose D. Interval; Increase the interval between doses (give the drug less frequently) E. Interval; Decrease the interval between doses (give the drug more frequently) F. Interval; Do not change the intervalarrow_forwardWhat percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. Show the matharrow_forward
- Briefly explain the 6 domain of interprofessional collaboration: Role clarification, Team functioning, Interprofessional communication, Patient/client/family/community-centered care, Interprofessional conflict resolution, Collaborative leadership. Provide a specific negative events that nursing student would observe in a clinical setting for each domain.arrow_forwardwhat is an intermittent water course and what kind of fish habitat it would providearrow_forwardwhy are native freshwater mussels are an important part of great lakes ecosystemarrow_forward
- what morphological features differentiate the lamprey species and other species in the great lakesarrow_forwardThere are a wide range of therapeutic applications available as options for patients. Medical professionals should be aware of these applications so they can make informed recommendations to patients. To gain a better understanding of some therapeutic applications and how they are related to RNA and mRNA, research long non-coding RNA. Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: What is lncRNA and what does it do? How does IncRNA differ from mRNA? What are some therapeutic applications associated with lncRNA? Think about possible future uses of this application. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this application and its continued use?arrow_forwardfour fish or mussel species that are native to the great lakesarrow_forward
- There are a wide range of therapeutic applications available as options for patients. Medical professionals should be aware of these applications so they can make informed recommendations to patients. To gain a better understanding of some therapeutic applications and how they are related to RNA and mRNA, research long non-coding RNA. Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: What is lncRNA and what does it do? How does IncRNA differ from mRNA? What are some therapeutic applications associated with lncRNA? Think about possible future uses of this application. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this application and its continued use?arrow_forwardfour physial characteristics of a fish or a mussel that would help you identify it to a speciesarrow_forwarddescribe what you would do in this situation, you are working ona. river and it will take 20 minutes by boat to get back to the field truck, you are 1 hour from finishing the field work on the last day of field trip. you hear thunder int he dsitnace, what did you do?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education