To compare: The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

To determine

To compare:

The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Presently, the sun’s core has more Helium and less Hydrogen than when the sun was formed.

The change was brought about by Hydrogen fusion.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction All main-sequence stars convert Hydrogen into Helium by thermonuclear reactions. Sun’s main-sequence stage starts with the beginning of the Hydrogen fusion and ends when all Hydrogens in the core get converted to Helium. The Sun started Hydrogen fusion 4.56 billion years ago and it is less than halfway of its main-sequence lifetime.

The Sun’s primary constituent is Hydrogen. At the center of the Sun, thermonuclear fusion occurs under extremely high temperatures. Four Hydrogen nuclei convert to a Helium nucleus. This is a stepwise process and it is known as a proton-proton chain reaction. This process releases a large amount of energy as heat and light. In 4.56 billion years, the amount of Helium in the Sun’s core has increased and the amount of Hydrogen has decreased.

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Students have asked these similar questions

Which of the following layers of the Sun can be seen with some type of telescope? Consider all forms of light, but do not consider neutrinos or other particles. (Give ALL correct answers in alphabetical order, i.e., B, AC, BCD...)A) Corona.B) Photosphere.C) Radiation Zone.D) Chromosphere.E) Convection Zone.F) Core.

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The Sun’s luminosity (or power) is 4 x 1026 Watts (=J/s). How many kilograms of hydrogen must be fused every second to maintain this luminosity? (hint: work backwards from the energy per second to the mass released to the amount of hydrogen required, using the results from the previous question.) The Sun’s mass is ~2x1030 kg. If 10% of this is Hydrogen available in the core, how long will the Sun be able to continue fusing hydrogen at this rate? This is considered the Sun's "lifetime". If the Sun is 4.6 billion years old (and assuming it's power output is constant), how many years does it have left?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

To determine

To compare:

The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Presently, the sun’s core has more Helium and less Hydrogen than when the sun was formed.

The change was brought about by Hydrogen fusion.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction All main-sequence stars convert Hydrogen into Helium by thermonuclear reactions. Sun’s main-sequence stage starts with the beginning of the Hydrogen fusion and ends when all Hydrogens in the core get converted to Helium. The Sun started Hydrogen fusion 4.56 billion years ago and it is less than halfway of its main-sequence lifetime.

The Sun’s primary constituent is Hydrogen. At the center of the Sun, thermonuclear fusion occurs under extremely high temperatures. Four Hydrogen nuclei convert to a Helium nucleus. This is a stepwise process and it is known as a proton-proton chain reaction. This process releases a large amount of energy as heat and light. In 4.56 billion years, the amount of Helium in the Sun’s core has increased and the amount of Hydrogen has decreased.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

To determine

To compare:

The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Presently, the sun’s core has more Helium and less Hydrogen than when the sun was formed.

The change was brought about by Hydrogen fusion.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction All main-sequence stars convert Hydrogen into Helium by thermonuclear reactions. Sun’s main-sequence stage starts with the beginning of the Hydrogen fusion and ends when all Hydrogens in the core get converted to Helium. The Sun started Hydrogen fusion 4.56 billion years ago and it is less than halfway of its main-sequence lifetime.

The Sun’s primary constituent is Hydrogen. At the center of the Sun, thermonuclear fusion occurs under extremely high temperatures. Four Hydrogen nuclei convert to a Helium nucleus. This is a stepwise process and it is known as a proton-proton chain reaction. This process releases a large amount of energy as heat and light. In 4.56 billion years, the amount of Helium in the Sun’s core has increased and the amount of Hydrogen has decreased.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

To determine

To compare:

The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Presently, the sun’s core has more Helium and less Hydrogen than when the sun was formed.

The change was brought about by Hydrogen fusion.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction All main-sequence stars convert Hydrogen into Helium by thermonuclear reactions. Sun’s main-sequence stage starts with the beginning of the Hydrogen fusion and ends when all Hydrogens in the core get converted to Helium. The Sun started Hydrogen fusion 4.56 billion years ago and it is less than halfway of its main-sequence lifetime.

The Sun’s primary constituent is Hydrogen. At the center of the Sun, thermonuclear fusion occurs under extremely high temperatures. Four Hydrogen nuclei convert to a Helium nucleus. This is a stepwise process and it is known as a proton-proton chain reaction. This process releases a large amount of energy as heat and light. In 4.56 billion years, the amount of Helium in the Sun’s core has increased and the amount of Hydrogen has decreased.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

To determine

To compare:

The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Presently, the sun’s core has more Helium and less Hydrogen than when the sun was formed.

The change was brought about by Hydrogen fusion.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction All main-sequence stars convert Hydrogen into Helium by thermonuclear reactions. Sun’s main-sequence stage starts with the beginning of the Hydrogen fusion and ends when all Hydrogens in the core get converted to Helium. The Sun started Hydrogen fusion 4.56 billion years ago and it is less than halfway of its main-sequence lifetime.

The Sun’s primary constituent is Hydrogen. At the center of the Sun, thermonuclear fusion occurs under extremely high temperatures. Four Hydrogen nuclei convert to a Helium nucleus. This is a stepwise process and it is known as a proton-proton chain reaction. This process releases a large amount of energy as heat and light. In 4.56 billion years, the amount of Helium in the Sun’s core has increased and the amount of Hydrogen has decreased.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

To determine

To compare:

The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Presently, the sun’s core has more Helium and less Hydrogen than when the sun was formed.

The change was brought about by Hydrogen fusion.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction All main-sequence stars convert Hydrogen into Helium by thermonuclear reactions. Sun’s main-sequence stage starts with the beginning of the Hydrogen fusion and ends when all Hydrogens in the core get converted to Helium. The Sun started Hydrogen fusion 4.56 billion years ago and it is less than halfway of its main-sequence lifetime.

The Sun’s primary constituent is Hydrogen. At the center of the Sun, thermonuclear fusion occurs under extremely high temperatures. Four Hydrogen nuclei convert to a Helium nucleus. This is a stepwise process and it is known as a proton-proton chain reaction. This process releases a large amount of energy as heat and light. In 4.56 billion years, the amount of Helium in the Sun’s core has increased and the amount of Hydrogen has decreased.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

To determine

To compare:

The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1Q

Presently, the sun’s core has more Helium and less Hydrogen than when the sun was formed.

The change was brought about by Hydrogen fusion.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Introduction All main-sequence stars convert Hydrogen into Helium by thermonuclear reactions. Sun’s main-sequence stage starts with the beginning of the Hydrogen fusion and ends when all Hydrogens in the core get converted to Helium. The Sun started Hydrogen fusion 4.56 billion years ago and it is less than halfway of its main-sequence lifetime.

The Sun’s primary constituent is Hydrogen. At the center of the Sun, thermonuclear fusion occurs under extremely high temperatures. Four Hydrogen nuclei convert to a Helium nucleus. This is a stepwise process and it is known as a proton-proton chain reaction. This process releases a large amount of energy as heat and light. In 4.56 billion years, the amount of Helium in the Sun’s core has increased and the amount of Hydrogen has decreased.

Answer 12

Ch. 19 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 10Q

To compare: The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Concept explainers

To compare:

The chemical composition of the present-day Sun’s core with its composition when the sun was formed.

Answer to Problem 1Q

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 19 Solutions