Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in prostaglandin needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon.
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon
Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.
Ester group is a derivative of a
Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.
Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the
(b)
Interpretation:
Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in androgen needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond
Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.
Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.
Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.
Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.
(c)
Interpretation:
Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in triacylglycerol needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond
Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.
Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.
Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.
Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.
(d)
Interpretation:
Presence or absence of glycerol, sphingosine, phosphate, ester, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and steroid nucleus in wax needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound with three carbons and with three carbons and hydroxyl groups in each carbon
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon diol with an amino group and a double bond
Phosphate is a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is bonded to phosphorous with a double bond and others are bonded with a single bond and bear a negative charge.
Ester group is a derivative of a carboxylic acid group. The hydrogen attached to oxygen in carboxylic acid is replace with an organic fragment in esters.
Carboxyl group formed when a carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond and to a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxyl group is formed when an oxygen is bonded to a hydrogen.
Steroid nucleus is found in all steroids. It is made up of three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane bonded together. Steroids vary by the functional groups attached to this core and oxidation states of the ring.

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Chapter 19 Solutions
ALEKS 360 ACCESS CARD F/GEN. ORG.CHEM
- What alkene or alkyne yields the following products after oxidative cleavage with ozone? Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. and two equivalents of CH2=O draw structure ...arrow_forwardH-Br Energy 1) Draw the step-by-step mechanism by which 3-methylbut-1-ene is converted into 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. 2) Sketch a reaction coordinate diagram that shows how the internal energy (Y- axis) of the reacting species change from reactants to intermediate(s) to product. Brarrow_forward2. Draw the missing structure(s) in each of the following reactions. The missing structure(s) can be a starting material or the major reaction product(s). C5H10 H-CI CH2Cl2 CIarrow_forward
- Draw the products of the stronger acid protonating the other reactant. དའི་སྐད”“ H3C OH H3C CH CH3 KEq Product acid Product basearrow_forwardDraw the products of the stronger acid protonating the other reactant. H3C NH2 NH2 KEq H3C-CH₂ 1. Product acid Product basearrow_forwardWhat alkene or alkyne yields the following products after oxidative cleavage with ozone? Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. draw structure ... andarrow_forward
- Draw the products of the stronger acid protonating the other reactant. H3C-C=C-4 NH2 KEq CH H3C `CH3 Product acid Product basearrow_forward2. Draw the missing structure(s) in each of the following reactions. The missing structure(s) can be a starting material or the major reaction product(s). C5H10 Br H-Br CH2Cl2 + enant.arrow_forwardDraw the products of the stronger acid protonating the other reactant. KEq H₂C-O-H H3C OH Product acid Product basearrow_forward
- Draw the products of the stronger acid protonating the other reactant. OH KEq CH H3C H3C `CH3 Product acid Product basearrow_forward2. Draw the missing structure(s) in each of the following reactions. The missing structure(s) can be a starting material or the major reaction product(s). Ph H-I CH2Cl2arrow_forward3 attempts left Check my work Draw the products formed in the following oxidative cleavage. [1] 03 [2] H₂O draw structure ... lower mass product draw structure ... higher mass productarrow_forward
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