Chapter 19, Problem 19.42SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given synthesis by using the necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In the conversion of benzene to amide electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction takes place. Further this reaction is followed by reduction with good reducing agent like lithium aluminium hydride. Such reduction forms aniline.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given synthesis by using the necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of aryl sulfonyl chloride with aniline leads to the formation of corresponding sulphonamide. In this reaction hydrogen chloride molecule removes as a side product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given synthesis by using the necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In the conversion of cyclic amine to acyclic alkenamine excess amount of methylating agent is used. The use of this methylating leads to the formation of quaternary ammonium salt. That salt on hydrolysis coverts to the corresponding acyclic alkenamine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given synthesis by using the necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In the conversion of cyclic ketone to cyclic amine, ketone is first reacted with alcohol, followed by reduction in the presence of $\text{Ni,Pd,Pt}$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given synthesis by using the necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of amines (tertiary amines) with hydrogen peroxide gives $N$-oxide. This elimination is called cope-elimination because here cyclic transition state is formed.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given synthesis by using the necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of amines (tertiary amines) with hydrogen peroxide gives $N$-oxide. This elimination is called cope-elimination because here cyclic transition state is formed. Here, beta hydrogen of nitrogen is abstracted by oxygen atom and gives alkene and hydroxyl amine as a major product. This elimination is like cis elimination because here cyclic transition state is formed.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given synthesis by using the necessary reagents is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of carboxylic acid to acid chloride is completed by ${\text{PCl}}_{\text{5}}{\text{,SOCl}}_{\text{2}}$ so on. The further reaction of acid chloride with diethyl amine leads to the conversion of acid chloride into acid amide.