Chapter 19, Problem 19.25QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The function implied by the enzyme citrate decarboxylase has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The enzymes are essentially the biocatalysts present in all living systems. Each enzyme catalyzes a characteristic reaction within the biological system. Enzymes on the basis of the substrate on which they act or the reaction that they catalyze can be classified into six classes.

Based on their specific role they are classified into six major classes. These are:

• Ligases: The enzymes that connect two molecules via covalent bonds are termed as ligases.
• Isomerases: The enzymes that catalyze the isomerization reactions are termed as isomerases.
• Lyases: Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of bonds are called lyases.
• Hydrolases:     These enzymes catalyze the cleavage of bonds via hydrolysis present in biological systems.
• Transferases: These enzymes are involved in the transfer of various functional groups such as methyl, acetyl group,  or phosphate group.
• Oxidoreductases: As the name suggests, these catalyze the oxidation and reduction reactions that occur in living systems.

Enzymes are often named in accordance with the substrate on which they act. For example, lactase acts on the disaccharide named lactose and helps to remove the glycosidic linkages of lactose.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The function implied by the enzyme adenosine diphosphate phosphorylase has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The function implied by enzyme oxalate reductase has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The function implied by the enzyme nitrite oxidase has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The function implied by the enzyme cis-trans isomerase has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).