Industrial Plastics: Theory and Applications
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781285061238
Author: Lokensgard, Erik
Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning
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3.3. Use the following crude assay data with crude API of 36 to estimate cut
vol%, critical properties and molecular weight for Light Naphtha (90-
190 °F) and Kerosene (380-520 °F). In addition, calculate the fractions
of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics in the two cuts.
ASTM D86 (°F) Volume %
Cum vol%
SG
86
0.0
0.0
122
0.5
0.5
0.6700
167
1.2
1.7
0.6750
212
1.6
3.3
0.7220
257
2.7
6.0
0.7480
302
3.1
9.1
0.7650
347
3.9
13.0
0.7780
392
4.7
17.7
0.7890
437
5.7
23.4
0.8010
482
8.0
31.4
0.8140
527
10.7
42.1
0.8250
584
5.0
47.1
0.8450
636
10.0
57.1
0.8540
689
7.8
64.9
0.8630
742
7.0
71.9
0.8640
794
6.5
78.4
0.8890
20 8
002
09310
I
Problem
1) A fractional factorial design has been used to study on the effect of 3 parameters including adsorbent
concentration (300 and 500 ppm), pH value (4 and 10) and reaction time (6 and 12 hours) on the
adsorption capacity of a composite for removing of methylene blue from a wastewater. If the results
obtained for two repetitions of the tests are according to the following table, it is desirable:
A) Design Resolution
Y₁
Y₂
Run
(mg/g)
(mg/g)
B) Drawing graphs of the effect of each parameter on the
adsorption capacity
1
28
26
2
36
34
C) Analysis of interactions
3
18
20
D) Calculate the effects percentage of each parameter and error
4
32
30
E) Determining the optimum conditions to achieve the highest
adsorption capacity
Thermophysical Properties of Petroleum Fractions and Crude Ofls
67
3.4. A gas oil has the following TBP distillation data
Volume %
TBP (°C)
0
216
10
243
30
268
50
284
70
304
90
318
95
327
100
334
It also has an average boiling point of 280 °C and an average density of
0.850 g/cm³.
(a) Split this gas oil fraction into five pseudo-components. Calculate T., Pc
and w for each pseudo-component.
(b) Calculate T, Pc and w for the whole gas oil fraction.
(c) Calculate the enthalpy of this gas oil fraction at 400 °C using the Lee-
Kessler correlation with a reference state of ideal gas at 273.15 K.
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- 3.3. Use the following crude assay data with crude API of 36 to estimate cut vol%, critical properties and molecular weight for Light Naphtha (90- 190 °F) and Kerosene (380-520 °F). In addition, calculate the fractions of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics in the two cuts. ASTM D86 (°F) Volume % Cum vol% SG 86 0.0 0.0 122 0.5 0.5 0.6700 167 1.2 1.7 0.6750 212 1.6 3.3 0.7220 257 2.7 6.0 0.7480 302 3.1 9.1 0.7650 347 3.9 13.0 0.7780 392 4.7 17.7 0.7890 437 5.7 23.4 0.8010 482 8.0 31.4 0.8140 527 10.7 42.1 0.8250 584 5.0 47.1 0.8450 636 10.0 57.1 0.8540 689 7.8 64.9 0.8630 742 7.0 71.9 0.8640 794 6.5 78.4 0.8890 20.8 99.2 0.9310arrow_forward۱۱۳ ۱۱۱۰ ۱۱۰ A + C Chegg Learn on the go = Chegg © chegg.com/homewo Open in app EN-US QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 4.1. With 100,000 BPD of the following crude (API = 36), estimate the products of the atmospheric distillation column. If the atmospheric residue of the crude is taken at 650+ F. It enters in a vacuum distilla- tion tower to give three products: light vacuum gas oil (650-850 °F), heavy vacuum gas oil (850-1050 °F) and vacuum residue (1050+ °F). Calculate the mass flow rate of these products. Then calculate the sulphur content (lb/hr) for each product. ASTM D86 (°F) vol% Cum vol% SG 86 0.0 0.0 122 0.5 0.5 0.6700 167 1.2 1.7 0.6750 212 1.6 3.3 0.7220 257 2.7 6.0 0.7480 3021 3.1 9.1 0.7650 347 3.9 13.0 0.7780 392 4.7 17.7 0.7890 437 5.7 23.4 0.8010 4821 8.0 31.41 0.8140 527 10,7 42.1 0.8250 584 5.0 47.1 0.8450 6361 10,0 57.1 0.8540 689 7,8 64.9 0.8630 7421 7.0 71.9 0.8640 794 6.5 78.4 0.8890 20.8 99.2 0.9310 Show transcribed image text Here's the best way to solve it. This problem…arrow_forwardQ1/obtain the transfer function for the block diagram shown in the figure below: G4 Garrow_forward
- (Population density parameters from sieve analysis data)2 One hundred fifty grams of crystals separated from one litre of suspension from an MSMPR crystallizer is subjected to screen analysis to get the following data: Tyler mesh Mass(g) 12/14 28.5 14/20 29.2 20/28 28/35 35/48 below 48 mesh 37.5 27 24.7 3.1 Mesh no./ screen opening(um) data: 12/1410 μm; 14/1190; 20/841; 28/595; 35/420; 48/297. The working volume of the crystallizer is 200 litres, and the rate of withdrawal of the slurry is 250 litre per hour. Given pc = 1400 kg/m³ and volume shape factor o, = 0.42, determine the crystal growth rate and the zero-size population density of the crystals. What is the rate of nucleation, Bº?arrow_forwardneed help with this phase transformations practise questionarrow_forwardhelp with this practise question on phase transformations.arrow_forward
- Differentiate between an ideal and a regular solution consisting of a mixture of A and B atoms. Which of these solutions, is likely to contain a random mixture of atoms at all temperatures? For the binary A-B ideal-solution, differentiate the equation for the configurational entropy of mixing with respect to concentration. Hence show that the slope of the free energy of mixing versus concentration curve is towards tinfinity when the mole fraction is 0 or 1. Does this make it easy or hard to purify materials? [50%] (ii) How can a phase that has a limited solubility for a particular solute be forced to accept larger concentrations which far exceed its equilibrium solubility? [20%] (iii) Atoms of A and B are arranged in a straight line at random, with the mole fraction of B equal to x. What is the probability of finding two A atoms next to each other? How would your calculation be modified if this were to be a two-dimensional array of A and B atoms? [20%] (iv) An alloy is to be made,…arrow_forwardCan the method steps be given for these questions please 10 answer given is 0.01m/s 11 answer given is 0.067e Cnm where e is charge of electron divided by volume of unit cell, giving 0.165 C/m^2 12 answer is 0.08%arrow_forward3. Differentiate f(x) = x² sin(x). 4. Evaluate the limit: lim x 0 sin(2x) Xarrow_forward
- Differentiate between an ideal and a regular solution consisting of a mixture of A andB atoms. Which of these solutions, is likely to contain a random mixture of atomsat all temperatures? For the binary A-B ideal-solution, differentiate the equationfor the configurational entropy of mixing with respect to concentration. Hence showthat the slope of the free energy of mixing versus concentration curve is towards±infinity when the mole fraction is 0 or 1. Does this make it easy or hard to purifymaterials?arrow_forwardQuestion During the solidification of a binary alloy, with a positive temperature gradient in the melt, a planar solid-liquid interface is moving at the steady state, Fig. Q1(i). The variation of the solute concentration, C, in the melt ahead of the interface is given by, b) If m is the liquidus gradient, or the slope of liquidus, Fig.Q1 (iv), how does the equilibrium temperature, T, vary with the melt composition C? T₁ = C=C1+ exp R.x D (equation 1.1) T L Solid Melt (iv) T₁ S S+L where Co is the nominal solute concentration in the alloy, Ko is the equilibrium distribution coefficient, R is the solid-liquid interface moving rate, D is the solute diffusivity in the melt and x is distance into the liquid phase, Fig. Q1(ii). Answer the questions in the steps below, to show that the level of constitutional supercooling is governed by both the actual temperature, T, and the composition, C, in the solidification front. a) Consider a point in the melt at a distance x away from the solid/melt…arrow_forwardPractise question of phase transformations topic that I need help on thank you.arrow_forward
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