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10. The diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in body-centred cubic-martensite with a lattice parameter 0.2866 nm is approximately 1.26x10-7 exp(-73000/RT) m² s-1. Assuming that the nitrogen is located in octahedral interstices, calculate its maximum diffusion velocity at 500°C. 11. During the cubic to tetragonal transformation in barium titanate, two of the oxygen atoms are displaced by -0.0085 nm, four oxygen atoms by -0.0065 nm and titanium by 0.006 nm. Calculate the resulting polarisation per unit volume, given that the volume of the unit cell is 0.0645 nm³. 12. Large steel-reinforced concrete structures often are submerged in sea water; chloride ions within the sea water can penetrate the concrete by diffusion and attack the steel that is embedded within. If the salt concentration in the sea is 0.27% and the initial concentration within the concrete is zero, calculate the concentration expected at a depth of 1 cm following immersion for 6 months. The diffusivity of salt in concrete is 3 x 10-12 m² s-1. Curie

10. The diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in body-centred cubic-martensite with a lattice parameter 0.2866 nm is approximately 1.26x10-7 exp(-73000/RT) m² s-1. Assuming that the nitrogen is located in octahedral interstices, calculate its maximum diffusion velocity at 500°C. 11. During the cubic to tetragonal transformation in barium titanate, two of the oxygen atoms are displaced by -0.0085 nm, four oxygen atoms by -0.0065 nm and titanium by 0.006 nm. Calculate the resulting polarisation per unit volume, given that the volume of the unit cell is 0.0645 nm³. 12. Large steel-reinforced concrete structures often are submerged in sea water; chloride ions within the sea water can penetrate the concrete by diffusion and attack the steel that is embedded within. If the salt concentration in the sea is 0.27% and the initial concentration within the concrete is zero, calculate the concentration expected at a depth of 1 cm following immersion for 6 months. The diffusivity of salt in concrete is 3 x 10-12 m² s-1. Curie

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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Can the method steps be given for these questions please 
10 answer given is 0.01m/s
11 answer given is 0.067e Cnm where e is charge of electron divided by volume of unit cell, giving 0.165 C/m^2
12 answer is 0.08%
10. The diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in body-centred cubic-martensite with a lattice parameter 0.2866 nm is approximately 1.26x10-7 exp(-73000/RT) m² s-1. Assuming that the nitrogen is located in octahedral interstices, calculate its maximum diffusion velocity at 500°C. 11. During the cubic to tetragonal transformation in barium titanate, two of the oxygen atoms are displaced by -0.0085 nm, four oxygen atoms by -0.0065 nm and titanium by 0.006 nm. Calculate the resulting polarisation per unit volume, given that the volume of the unit cell is 0.0645 nm³. 12. Large steel-reinforced concrete structures often are submerged in sea water; chloride ions within the sea water can penetrate the concrete by diffusion and attack the steel that is embedded within. If the salt concentration in the sea is 0.27% and the initial concentration within the concrete is zero, calculate the concentration expected at a depth of 1 cm following immersion for 6 months. The diffusivity of salt in concrete is 3 x 10-12 m² s-1. Curie
Transcribed Image Text:10. The diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in body-centred cubic-martensite with a lattice parameter 0.2866 nm is approximately 1.26x10-7 exp(-73000/RT) m² s-1. Assuming that the nitrogen is located in octahedral interstices, calculate its maximum diffusion velocity at 500°C. 11. During the cubic to tetragonal transformation in barium titanate, two of the oxygen atoms are displaced by -0.0085 nm, four oxygen atoms by -0.0065 nm and titanium by 0.006 nm. Calculate the resulting polarisation per unit volume, given that the volume of the unit cell is 0.0645 nm³. 12. Large steel-reinforced concrete structures often are submerged in sea water; chloride ions within the sea water can penetrate the concrete by diffusion and attack the steel that is embedded within. If the salt concentration in the sea is 0.27% and the initial concentration within the concrete is zero, calculate the concentration expected at a depth of 1 cm following immersion for 6 months. The diffusivity of salt in concrete is 3 x 10-12 m² s-1. Curie
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