Chapter 19, Problem 19.121P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solubility product, $K_{sp}$ of $MC{l}_2\left(s\right)$ has to be calculated. 

Concept Introduction:

Solubility Product:

The solubility product constant, $K_{sp}$ is the equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution. It represents the level at which a solute dissolves in solution. 

Consider the general dissolution reaction below (in aqueous solutions):

$a{A}_{\left(s\right)}\stackrel{}{\to }c{C}_{\left(aq\right)}+d{D}_{\left(aq\right)}$

The solubility product for the above solid can be written as

$K_{sp}={\left[C\right]}^c{\left[D\right]}^d$

Where,

$\begin{array}{l}\left[C\right]\text{}=ConcentrationofC\\ \\ \left[D\right]=ConcentrationofD\end{array}$

Concentration:

$Concentration=\frac{No.ofmoles}{Volumeofsolution}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

After addition of $M{\left(N{O}_3\right)}_2\left(s\right)$, there is whether increase, decrease or no change in the no. of $C{l}^{-}$ particles, $K_{sp}$ and mass of $MC{l}_2\left(s\right)$ has to be determined. 

Concept Introduction:

Common ion effect:

The common-ion effect occurs when a given ion is added to an equilibrium mixture that already contains that ion, and the position of equilibrium shifts away from forming it. 

Le Chatelier's principle:

Le Chatelier's principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish equilibrium.