Chapter 19, Problem 16E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The missing particles in the given radioactive decay processes are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Nuclei of radioactive element decompose in various ways. There are two major categories. One involves a change in mass number of the decaying nucleus, while others do not. Types of radioactive processes include $\text{α}$ particle production, $\text{β}$ particle production, $\text{γ}$ ray production, electron capture and many others. Electron capture decay involves the capturing of one of the inner orbitals electrons by the nucleus.

Beta particle production decay involves the production of beta particle ${(}_{-1}^{0}e)$ that is assigned mass number zero.

A helium nucleus ${}_2^4\text{He}$ is produced in the alpha decay process.

Positron ${}_1^0\text{e}$ is a particle with mass same as electron, but its charge is opposite to that of electron.

An alpha decay process is characterized by the production of ${}_2^4\text{He}$.

To determine: The missing particles in the given radioactive decay process.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The missing particles in the given radioactive decay processes are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Nuclei of radioactive element decompose in various ways. There are two major categories. One involves a change in mass number of the decaying nucleus, while others do not. Types of radioactive processes include $\text{α}$ particle production, $\text{β}$ particle production, $\text{γ}$ ray production, electron capture and many others. Electron capture decay involves the capturing of one of the inner orbitals electrons by the nucleus.

Beta particle production decay involves the production of beta particle ${(}_{-1}^{0}e)$ that is assigned mass number zero.

A helium nucleus ${}_2^4\text{He}$ is produced in the alpha decay process.

Positron ${}_1^0\text{e}$ is a particle with mass same as electron, but its charge is opposite to that of electron.

An alpha decay process is characterized by the production of ${}_2^4\text{He}$.

To determine: The missing particles in the given radioactive decay processes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The missing particles in the given radioactive decay processes are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Nuclei of radioactive element decompose in various ways. There are two major categories. One involves a change in mass number of the decaying nucleus, while others do not. Types of radioactive processes include $\text{α}$ particle production, $\text{β}$ particle production, $\text{γ}$ ray production, electron capture and many others. Electron capture decay involves the capturing of one of the inner orbitals electrons by the nucleus.

Beta particle production decay involves the production of beta particle ${(}_{-1}^{0}e)$ that is assigned mass number zero.

A helium nucleus ${}_2^4\text{He}$ is produced in the alpha decay process.

Positron ${}_1^0\text{e}$ is a particle with mass same as electron, but its charge is opposite to that of electron.

An alpha decay process is characterized by the production of ${}_2^4\text{He}$.

To determine: The missing particles in the given radioactive decay process.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The missing particles in the given radioactive decay processes are to be stated.

Concept introduction: Nuclei of radioactive element decompose in various ways. There are two major categories. One involves a change in mass number of the decaying nucleus, while others do not. Types of radioactive processes include $\text{α}$ particle production, $\text{β}$ particle production, $\text{γ}$ ray production, electron capture and many others. Electron capture decay involves the capturing of one of the inner orbitals electrons by the nucleus.

Beta particle production decay involves the production of beta particle ${(}_{-1}^{0}e)$ that is assigned mass number zero.

A helium nucleus ${}_2^4\text{He}$ is produced in the alpha decay process.

Positron ${}_1^0\text{e}$ is a particle with mass same as electron, but its charge is opposite to that of electron.

An alpha decay process is characterized by the production of ${}_2^4\text{He}$.

To determine: The missing particles in the given radioactive decay process.