Laboratory Manual for Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy
Laboratory Manual for Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780803658257
Author: Lynn S. Lippert PT MS, Mary Alice Duesterhaus Minor PT MS
Publisher: F.A. Davis Company
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Chapter 19, Problem 11GAQ

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The direction in which tibia rotates during the last few degrees of knee extension.

Introduction: Tibia is the major bone present in the lower leg. It is the second largest bone in the body and forms the shin. It is also known as shinbone or shank bone.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason why tibia rotates in the specific rotation during open chain.

Introduction: The rotational movement in which the segment, farther away from the body, is not fixed but remains free is known as open chain.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The direction in which femur would rotate if the extension was happening in closed chain.

Introduction: Femur is the upper bone of the hind leg, present in the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone to form the hip joint.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
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