Physics
Physics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073512150
Author: Alan Giambattista, Betty Richardson, Robert C. Richardson Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19, Problem 109P

(a)

To determine

The direction of the magnetic force on each of the four sides of the rectangle due to the long wire’s magnetic field.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 109P

The direction of magnetic force each side of the rectangle is given in below table.

SideCurrent directionField directionForce direction
ToprightOut of the pageDown: attracted to long wire
BottomLeftOut of the pageUp: repelled by long wire
LeftUpOut of the pageRight
RightdownOut of the pageleft

Explanation of Solution

Write the expression for the magnitude of magnetic field due to current carrying long wire.

B=μ0I22πr

Here, B is the magnitude of magnetic field at a radial distance r from the current carrying long wire, I2 is the current flowing through wire and r is radial distance of the point where the magnetic field is to be calculated.

The direction of magnetic field is given by right hand rule. According to the rule, when the thumb is pointed in the direction of current and the fingers are curled, the direction of fingers represents the direction of magnetic field lines. The tangent of the field line at any point gives the direction of magnetic field at that point.

Since current flows to right, magnetic field points out of the page.

Write the expression for force acting on one side of current carrying rectangular loop of wire.

F=I1L×B (I)

Here, F is the magnetic force acting on one side of current carrying rectangular loop of wire, I1 is the current through the wire, L is the length of the wire at which force is acting with direction same as direction of current through wire and B is the magnetic field due to current carrying long wire.

The direction of force is given by the direction of L×B.

Consider the bottom side of rectangular loop, where current is flowing to the left and magnetic field is out of the page. According to right hand rule, magnetic force acts in the upward direction. That is repelled by long wire.

Consider the top side of rectangular loop, where current is flowing to the right and magnetic field is out of the page. According to right hand rule, magnetic force acts in the downward direction. That is attracted to the long wire.

Consider the left side of rectangular loop, where current is flowing up and magnetic field is out of the page. According to right hand rule, magnetic force acts towards the right.

Consider the right side of rectangular loop, where current is flowing downward and magnetic field is out of the page. According to right hand rule, magnetic force acts toward the left.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the direction of magnetic force each side of the rectangle is given in below table.

Side

Current direction

Field directionForce direction
ToprightOut of the pageDown: attracted to long wire
BottomLeftOut of the pageUp: repelled by long wire
LeftUpOut of the pageRight
RightdownOut of the pageleft

(b)

To determine

The net magnetic force on the rectangular loop due to the long wire’s magnetic field.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 109P

The net magnetic force on the rectangular loop due to the long wire’s magnetic field is 1.0×108N away from the wire.

Explanation of Solution

The magnetic field along the left and right side of the rectangular loop have same magnitude at each point of wire. The left and right side of the rectangular loop experience equal magnitude of magnetic force, since the two sides are symmetrically situated with respected to long wire. The top of the loop experiences small magnetic field than bottom side, since radial distance of top side is larger than that of the bottom side.

Since magnetic forces on left and right side of the loop  are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, they cancel each other.

Write the expression for the net force acting on the rectangular loop.

F=FbottomFtop (II)

Here, F is the magnitude of net force acting on the wire, Fbottom  is the magnitude of magnetic force on bottom side of the loop and Ftop is the magnitude of magnetic force on top side of the loop.

The negative sign indicates that force on top and bottom side are opposite in direction.

Write the expression to calculate magnitude of magnetic force on each side of wire.

Fside=I1LB

Here, Fside is the magnitude of magnetic force on each side, L is the length of wire segment and B is the magnetic field.

From equation (I), write the expression for the magnitude of magnetic force on bottom wire.

Fbottom=I1LbottomBbottom (III)

Here, Lbottom  is the length of bottom side of rectangular loop and Bbottom  is the magnitude of magnetic field acting on the bottom side of rectangular loop.

From equation (I), write the expression for the magnitude of magnetic force on top wire.

Ftop=I1LtopBtop (IV)

Here, Ltop is the length of top side of rectangular loop, Btop is the magnitude of magnetic field acting on the top side of rectangular loop.

Write the expression for Bbottom.

Bbottom=μ0I22πrbottom

Here, μ0 is the permeability of free space and rbottom is the radial distance between the bottom of the rectangular loop and the long wire.

Write the expression for Btop.

Btop=μ0I22πrtop

Here, rtop is the radial distance between the top side of the rectangular loop and the long wire.

Substitute μ0I22πrbottom for Bbottom and L for Lbotttom in equation (III) to get Fbottom.

Fbottom=I1Lμ0I22πrbottom

Here, L is the length of top and bottom side of rectangular loop.

Substitute μ0I22πrtop for Btop and L for Lbotttom in equation (IV) to get Ftop.

Ftop=I1Lμ0I22πrtop

Substitute I1Lμ0I22πrbottom for Fbottom and I1Lμ0I22πrtop for Ftop in equation (II) to get net force on loop.

F=I1Lμ0I22πrbottomI1Lμ0I22πrtop=I1I2Lμ02π(1rbottom1rtop) (V)

Conclusion:

Substitute 4π×107Tm/A for μ0, 2.0mA for I1 , 8.0A for I2 , 9.0 cm for L , 2.0cm for rbottom and 7.0cm for rtop in equation (V) to get F.

F=(2.0mA×1A1000mA)(8.0A)(9.0cm×1m100cm)(4π×107Tm/A)2π(12.0cm×1m100cm17.0cm×1m100cm)=1.0×108N×109nN1N=10nN

Since answer is positive, the net force must direct along the direction of force acting on the top side of rectangular loop. Therefore, net force is directed away from the long wire.

Therefore, the net magnetic force on the rectangular loop due to the long wire’s magnetic field is 1.0×108N away from the wire.

(c)

To determine

The magnetic force on the long wire due to the loop.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 109P

The magnetic force on the long wire due to the loop is 10nN down in the diagram, away from the loop.

Explanation of Solution

According to Newton’s third law force experienced by current carrying rectangular wire due to long wire is equal and opposite to force experienced by long wire due to rectangular wire.

The net magnetic force on the rectangular loop due to the long wire’s magnetic field is 10nN away from the wire. Therefore, force acting on the current carrying long wire is equal to 10nN and is directed in downward direction.

Conclusion:

The net magnetic force on the rectangular loop due to the long wire’s magnetic field is 10nN away from the wire. Therefore, force acting on the current carrying long wire is equal to 10nN and is directed in downward direction.

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Chapter 19 Solutions

Physics

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