Using benzene as starting compound the synthesis of the following compound has to be illustrated – Concept Introduction: Benzene is a stable aromatic compound and it is the simplest form of the aromatic compounds . It is a very versatile compound that it furnishes various products with various reagents under different reaction conditions. The most common type of reactions that benzene undergoes is electrophilic substitution reactions. Benzene can be converted to various ranges of compounds with appropriate reagents and reaction conditions. One of the useful method one can adapt to introduce any kind of group or atom onto the benzene ring is electrophilic substitution reaction. The various types of electrophilic substitution reactions in benzene are – Chlorination, Bromination, Nitration, Sulfonation, Friedel Crafts Alkylation/Acylation etc. An electrophile is electron deficient species. The position that the electrophile occupies in the aromatic ring system depends on various factors like – presence of substituents, activation and deactivation of the ring etc. The pi electrons of the benzene must be readily available so that the reaction proceeds easily. Presence of many bulk substituents and/or the presence of strong electron withdrawing groups diminish the ability of the delocalizing pi electrons to bond with the electrophile. If the presence of substituents enhances the electron density of the ring then the reaction between the benzene ring and the electrophile is triggered readily. Then the ring is said to be activated towards electrophilic substitution reactions. If the presence of substituents causes electron drain in the ring then the π electrons are not available to bond with electrophile. The aromatic ring becomes devoid of electrons and deactivated towards electrophilic substitution reactions. Thus the substituents can be widely of two types – activators and deactivators . Activators are the substituents that enhance the electron density of the ring . Deactivators are the substituents that diminish the electron density of the benzene ring.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18.12, Problem 6LTS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using benzene as starting compound the synthesis of the following compound has to be illustrated –

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is a stable aromatic compound and it is the simplest form of the aromatic compounds. It is a very versatile compound that it furnishes various products with various reagents under different reaction conditions.

The most common type of reactions that benzene undergoes is electrophilic substitution reactions. Benzene can be converted to various ranges of compounds with appropriate reagents and reaction conditions. One of the useful method one can adapt to introduce any kind of group or atom onto the benzene ring is electrophilic substitution reaction.

The various types of electrophilic substitution reactions in benzene are – Chlorination, Bromination, Nitration, Sulfonation, Friedel Crafts Alkylation/Acylation etc.

An electrophile is electron deficient species. The position that the electrophile occupies in the aromatic ring system depends on various factors like – presence of substituents, activation and deactivation of the ring etc.

The pi electrons of the benzene must be readily available so that the reaction proceeds easily. Presence of many bulk substituents and/or the presence of strong electron withdrawing groups diminish the ability of the delocalizing pi electrons to bond with the electrophile.

If the presence of substituents enhances the electron density of the ring then the reaction between the benzene ring and the electrophile is triggered readily. Then the ring is said to be activated towards electrophilic substitution reactions.

If the presence of substituents causes electron drain in the ring then the π electrons are not available to bond with electrophile. The aromatic ring becomes devoid of electrons and deactivated towards electrophilic substitution reactions.

Thus the substituents can be widely of two types – activators and deactivators. Activators are the substituents that enhance the electron density of the ring. Deactivators are the substituents that diminish the electron density of the benzene ring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more reactants missing from the left-hand side, but there are no products missing from the right-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. . If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing reactants to the left-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. + T X O O лет-ле HO OH HO OH This transformation can't be done in one step.

Determine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: X+H₂O H* H+ Y OH OH Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X S

Predict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. HO. O :☐ + G Na O.H Click and drag to start drawing a structure. XS xs H₂O