The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified. Chlorobenzene Concept Introduction: Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound . It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance. Chlorination of benzene is imparting -Cl group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Question

3. Synthesize the following synthon from the indicated starting material. i HO.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Chlorobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Chlorination of benzene is imparting $-Cl$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Nitrobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Bromobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Bromination of benzene is installing $-Br$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Propylbenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

The order of the stability of carbocation is –

Tertiary carbocation > Secondary carbocation > Primary carbocation.

Carbonyl functional group can be converted to methylene group by a reaction known as Clemmenson reduction

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Aniline (aminobenzene)

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Various reagents are available such as Sodium sulfide, Sodium hydrosulfite, Tin(II) chloride, $Zn/HCl$ etc to convert nitro group to amino group by reduction.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Benzoic acid

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Oxidation of alkyl side chain in alkylbenzene forms Carboxilic acid.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Toluene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

3. Synthesize the following synthon from the indicated starting material. i HO.

Identifying the stereochemistry of natural Write the complete common (not IUPAC) name of each molecule below. Note: if a molecule is one of a pair of enantiomers, be sure you start its name with D- or L- so we know which enantiomer it is. molecule H O-C-CH2 H3N. HN N H C=O common name (not the IUPAC name) NH3 ☐ H3N H ☐ CH2 X

> Draw the structure of alanine at pH 1.2. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Chlorobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Chlorination of benzene is imparting $-Cl$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Nitrobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Bromobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Bromination of benzene is installing $-Br$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Propylbenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

The order of the stability of carbocation is –

Tertiary carbocation > Secondary carbocation > Primary carbocation.

Carbonyl functional group can be converted to methylene group by a reaction known as Clemmenson reduction

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Aniline (aminobenzene)

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Various reagents are available such as Sodium sulfide, Sodium hydrosulfite, Tin(II) chloride, $Zn/HCl$ etc to convert nitro group to amino group by reduction.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Benzoic acid

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Oxidation of alkyl side chain in alkylbenzene forms Carboxilic acid.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Toluene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Chlorobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Chlorination of benzene is imparting $-Cl$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Nitrobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Bromobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Bromination of benzene is installing $-Br$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Propylbenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

The order of the stability of carbocation is –

Tertiary carbocation > Secondary carbocation > Primary carbocation.

Carbonyl functional group can be converted to methylene group by a reaction known as Clemmenson reduction

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Aniline (aminobenzene)

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Various reagents are available such as Sodium sulfide, Sodium hydrosulfite, Tin(II) chloride, $Zn/HCl$ etc to convert nitro group to amino group by reduction.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Benzoic acid

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Oxidation of alkyl side chain in alkylbenzene forms Carboxilic acid.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Toluene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Chlorobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Chlorination of benzene is imparting $-Cl$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Nitrobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Bromobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Bromination of benzene is installing $-Br$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Propylbenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

The order of the stability of carbocation is –

Tertiary carbocation > Secondary carbocation > Primary carbocation.

Carbonyl functional group can be converted to methylene group by a reaction known as Clemmenson reduction

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Aniline (aminobenzene)

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Various reagents are available such as Sodium sulfide, Sodium hydrosulfite, Tin(II) chloride, $Zn/HCl$ etc to convert nitro group to amino group by reduction.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Benzoic acid

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Oxidation of alkyl side chain in alkylbenzene forms Carboxilic acid.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Toluene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Chlorobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Chlorination of benzene is imparting $-Cl$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Nitrobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Bromobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Bromination of benzene is installing $-Br$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Propylbenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

The order of the stability of carbocation is –

Tertiary carbocation > Secondary carbocation > Primary carbocation.

Carbonyl functional group can be converted to methylene group by a reaction known as Clemmenson reduction

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Aniline (aminobenzene)

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Various reagents are available such as Sodium sulfide, Sodium hydrosulfite, Tin(II) chloride, $Zn/HCl$ etc to convert nitro group to amino group by reduction.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Benzoic acid

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Oxidation of alkyl side chain in alkylbenzene forms Carboxilic acid.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Toluene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Answer 6

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Chlorobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Chlorination of benzene is imparting $-Cl$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Answer 7

Chapter 18.12, Problem 24CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Chlorobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Chlorination of benzene is imparting $-Cl$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Nitrobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Nitrobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Bromobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Bromination of benzene is installing $-Br$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Bromobenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Bromination of benzene is installing $-Br$ group in the ring by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Propylbenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

The order of the stability of carbocation is –

Tertiary carbocation > Secondary carbocation > Primary carbocation.

Carbonyl functional group can be converted to methylene group by a reaction known as Clemmenson reduction

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Propylbenzene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

The order of the stability of carbocation is –

Tertiary carbocation > Secondary carbocation > Primary carbocation.

Carbonyl functional group can be converted to methylene group by a reaction known as Clemmenson reduction

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Any of Lewis acids such as $AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3 etc$ is required to initiate the reaction. The Lewis acid act as catalyst assists in the formation of electrophile.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Aniline (aminobenzene)

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Various reagents are available such as Sodium sulfide, Sodium hydrosulfite, Tin(II) chloride, $Zn/HCl$ etc to convert nitro group to amino group by reduction.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Aniline (aminobenzene)

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nitration of benzene is known as inserting $-NO2$ group into the benzene Carbon by replacing one of its Hydrogen atoms.

Various reagents are available such as Sodium sulfide, Sodium hydrosulfite, Tin(II) chloride, $Zn/HCl$ etc to convert nitro group to amino group by reduction.

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Benzoic acid

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Oxidation of alkyl side chain in alkylbenzene forms Carboxilic acid.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Benzoic acid

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Oxidation of alkyl side chain in alkylbenzene forms Carboxilic acid.

Answer 22

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Toluene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Answer 23

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents required to convert benzene to the following compounds have to be identified.

Toluene

Concept Introduction:

Benzene and its related compounds undergo aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions since they are Aromatic compounds.

Friedel Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. This reaction involves $C-C$ bond formation between benzene Carbon and any other alkyl or aryl or acyl carbon. Thus this reaction is constructive to impart alkyl, aryl or acyl group onto benzene ring. So this reaction is commonly known as Friedel Crafts acylation if acyl group is imparted on benzene ring or Friedel Crafts alkylation if alkyl group is imparted on benzene ring.

Answer 24

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 25

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 26

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 27

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 28

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 29

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 30

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 31

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Answer 32

Trending now

Answer 33

This is a popular solution!

Answer 34

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 35

Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 10CC

Chapter 18 Solutions