Chemistry
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073402734
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 18.10, Problem 1PPA
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Calculate ΔG° for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature given.(a) N2(g) + O2(g) ⟶ 2NO(g) T = 2000 °C K p = 4.1 × 10−4(b) H2(g) + I2(g) ⟶ 2HI(g) T = 400 °C K p = 50.0(c) CO2(g) + H2(g) ⟶ CO(g) + H2 O(g) T = 980 °C K p = 1.67(d) CaCO3(s) ⟶ CaO(s) + CO2(g) T = 900 °C K p = 1.04(e) HF(aq) + H2 O(l) ⟶ H3 O+(aq) + F−(aq) T = 25 °C K p = 7.2 × 10−4(f) AgBr(s) ⟶ Ag+(aq) + Br−(aq) T = 25 °C K p = 3.3 × 10−13
Consider the following two reductions:
Pb+2 + 2e‾→Pb E°red = -0.13 V
Sn+2 + 2e‾ → Sn E°red = -0.14 V
Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 0C?
(A)1.3 x 109
(B)912
(c)2.2
(D)9.1
What is equilibrium constant K for the following reaction at 25°C with a AG of -16.4 kJ/mol?
3H₂(g) + N₂(g) 2NH3(g)
Answer:
Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 18.1 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
Determine the change in...Ch. 18.1 - Practice Problem BUILD To what fraction of its...Ch. 18.1 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
Which equation is...Ch. 18.2 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate the standard...Ch. 18.2 - Practice Problem BUILD
In each of the following...Ch. 18.2 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
For each reaction...Ch. 18.3 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT For each of the following...Ch. 18.3 - Practice Problem BUILD
Make a qualitative...Ch. 18.3 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
Consider the...Ch. 18.3 - 18.3.1 For which of the following physical...
Ch. 18.3 - 18.3.2 For which of the following chemical...Ch. 18.3 - 18.3.3 Identify the correct balanced equation and...Ch. 18.4 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT For each of the...Ch. 18.4 - Practice Problem BUILD (a) Calculate Δ S univ and...Ch. 18.4 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE The following table...Ch. 18.4 - Using data from Appendix 2, calculate Δ S ° (in...Ch. 18.4 - 18.4.2 Using data from Appendix 2, calculate (in...Ch. 18.4 - The diagrams show a spontaneous chemical reaction....Ch. 18.4 - 18.4.4 The diagrams show a spontaneous chemical...Ch. 18.5 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
A reaction will be...Ch. 18.5 - Practice Problem BUILD
Given that the reaction is...Ch. 18.5 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE Which of the...Ch. 18.5 - A reaction for which Δ H and Δ S are both negative...Ch. 18.5 - At what temperature ( in ºC ) does a reaction go...Ch. 18.5 - 18.5.3 Using data from Appendix 2, calculate G°...Ch. 18.5 - 18.5.4 Calculate for the sublimation of iodine in...Ch. 18.6 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
Calculate the standard...Ch. 18.6 - Practice problemBUILD For each reaction, determine...Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 18.6 - 18.6.1 For the reaction:
Ch. 18.6 - Consider the reaction: X ( g ) + Y(g) ⇄ Z( g ) for...Ch. 18.6 - The Δ G° for the reaction: N 2 ( g ) + 3H 2 (g) ⇄...Ch. 18.6 - 18.6.4 The for iron(III) hydroxide . For the...Ch. 18.7 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
The molar heats of fusion...Ch. 18.7 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
Explain why. in...Ch. 18.8 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Δ G ° for the reaction: H...Ch. 18.8 - Practice ProblemBUILD What is the minimum partial...Ch. 18.8 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE Consider the...Ch. 18.9 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Using data from Appendix...Ch. 18.9 - Practice ProblemBUILD K f for the complex ion Ag (...Ch. 18.9 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE Which of the...Ch. 18.10 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate G for the...Ch. 18.10 - Practice ProblemBUILD Ksp for Co(OH)2 at...Ch. 18.10 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 18 - 18.1
Which of the following must be negative for a...Ch. 18 - Δ G for a reaction is always negative when (a) Δ G...Ch. 18 - 18.3
The diagram shown here depicts a system at...Ch. 18 - The reaction shown here has Δ G º = -1 .83 kJ/mol...Ch. 18 - 18.1 Explain what is meant by a spontaneous...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2QPCh. 18 - Prob. 3QPCh. 18 - Describe what is meant by the term entropy. What...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5QPCh. 18 - Prob. 6QPCh. 18 - Prob. 7QPCh. 18 - Prob. 8QPCh. 18 - How does the entropy of a system change for each...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10QPCh. 18 - Prob. 11QPCh. 18 - Prob. 12QPCh. 18 - Prob. 13QPCh. 18 - Using the data in Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 18 - 18.15 Using the data in Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16QPCh. 18 - Prob. 17QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18QPCh. 18 - 18.19 State the third law of thermodynamics in...Ch. 18 - Calculate Δ S surr for each of the reactions in...Ch. 18 - Calculate Δ S surr for each of the reactions in...Ch. 18 - Using data from Appendix 2, calculate Δ S rxn º...Ch. 18 - 18.23 Using data from Appendix 2, calculate for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 24QPCh. 18 - Why is it more convenient to predict the direction...Ch. 18 - What is the significance of the sign of Δ G sys ?Ch. 18 - From the following combinations of Δ H and Δ S ,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 28QPCh. 18 - Prob. 29QPCh. 18 - From the values of Δ H and Δ S , predict which of...Ch. 18 - Find the temperatures at which reactions with the...Ch. 18 - The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of...Ch. 18 - 18.33 The molar heats of fusion and vaporization...Ch. 18 - Prob. 34QPCh. 18 - Prob. 35QPCh. 18 - Prob. 36QPCh. 18 - Prob. 37QPCh. 18 - Prob. 38QPCh. 18 - Explain why Equation 18.14 is of great importance...Ch. 18 - Prob. 40QPCh. 18 - Prob. 41QPCh. 18 - Prob. 42QPCh. 18 - 18.43 Consider the following reaction at...Ch. 18 - Prob. 44QPCh. 18 - 18.45
(a)
Calculate and for the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 46QPCh. 18 - Consider the decomposition of calcium carbonate:...Ch. 18 - Prob. 48QPCh. 18 - 18.49 At for the process:
is 8.6 kJ/mol....Ch. 18 - Prob. 50QPCh. 18 - What is a coupled reaction? What is its importance...Ch. 18 - What is the role of ATP in biological reactions?Ch. 18 - Prob. 53QPCh. 18 - 18.54 In the metabolism of glucose, the first step...Ch. 18 - Predict the signs of Δ H , Δ S , and Δ G of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 56APCh. 18 - Prob. 57APCh. 18 - Prob. 58APCh. 18 - Prob. 59APCh. 18 - Prob. 60APCh. 18 - Ammonium nitrate ( NH 4 NO 3 ) dissolves...Ch. 18 - 18.62 Calculate the equilibrium pressure of due...Ch. 18 - Prob. 63APCh. 18 - Referring to Problem 18.63, explain why the ratio...Ch. 18 - 18.65 Which of the following are not state...Ch. 18 - 18.66 For reactions carried out under...Ch. 18 - Prob. 67APCh. 18 - Prob. 68APCh. 18 - A student looked up the Δ G f o , Δ H f o , and Δ...Ch. 18 - Consider the following Brønsted acid-base reaction...Ch. 18 - 18.71 At o K, the entropy of carbon monoxide...Ch. 18 - Prob. 72APCh. 18 - Consider the thermal decomposition of CaCO 3 :...Ch. 18 - Prob. 74QPCh. 18 - Prob. 75QPCh. 18 - Prob. 76QPCh. 18 - Prob. 77APCh. 18 - Prob. 78APCh. 18 - Prob. 79APCh. 18 - Prob. 80APCh. 18 - Prob. 81APCh. 18 - Prob. 82APCh. 18 - 18.83 Comment on the statement: “Just talking...Ch. 18 - Prob. 84APCh. 18 - Consider the reaction: N 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) ⇄ 2...Ch. 18 - Prob. 86APCh. 18 - Consider the decomposition of magnesium carbonate:...Ch. 18 - Prob. 88APCh. 18 - Prob. 89APCh. 18 - 18.90 The rate constant for the elementary...Ch. 18 - A 74.6-g ice cube floats in the Arctic Sea. The...Ch. 18 - 18.92 Which of the following is not accompanied by...Ch. 18 - Prob. 93APCh. 18 - Give a detailed example of each of the following,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 95QPCh. 18 - 18.96 The standard enthalpy of formation and the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 97QPCh. 18 - Prob. 98QPCh. 18 - The following reaction was described as the cause...Ch. 18 - Comment on the feasibility of extracting copper...Ch. 18 - 18.101 One of the steps in the extraction of iron...Ch. 18 - Prob. 102APCh. 18 - Prob. 103APCh. 18 - Prob. 104APCh. 18 - 18.105 The enthalpy change in the denaturation of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 106APCh. 18 - Prob. 107APCh. 18 - Prob. 108APCh. 18 - Prob. 109APCh. 18 - Prob. 110APCh. 18 - 18.111 Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are...Ch. 18 - Prob. 112APCh. 18 - Prob. 113APCh. 18 - 18.114 Many hydrocarbons exist as structural...Ch. 18 - Physical and Biological Sciences
In chemistry, the...Ch. 18 - Physical and Biological Sciences
In chemistry, the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SEPPCh. 18 - Physical and Biological Sciences
In chemistry, the...
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- Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 °C for each of the following reactions from the value of ΔG° given.(a) I2(s) + Cl2(g) ⟶ 2ICl(g) ΔG° = −10.88 kJ(b) H2(g) + I2(s) ⟶ 2HI(g) ΔG° = 3.4 kJ(c) CS2(g) + 3Cl2(g) ⟶ CCl4(g) + S2 Cl2(g) ΔG° = −39 kJ(d) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⟶ 2SO3(g) ΔG° = −141.82 kJ(e) CS2(g) ⟶ CS2(l) ΔG° = −1.88 kJarrow_forwardCalculate ΔG° for each reaction using ΔG°(f) values:arrow_forward18aarrow_forward
- Given the following information below, determine AGxn at equilibrium. 12(g) + Cl2(g) 2 ICI(g) 11 K, = 81.9 (at 298 K) O 1 O +10.9 kJ O -10.9 kJarrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium constant at 25 °C for each of the following reactions from the value of ΔG° given.(a) O2(g)+2F2(g)⟶2OF2(g) ΔG°=−9.2 kJ(b) I2(s)+Br2(l)⟶2IBr(g) ΔG°=7.3 kJ(c) 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)⟶Li2CO3(s)+H2O(g) ΔG°=−79 kJarrow_forwardPlease helparrow_forward
- Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 °C for each of the following reactions from the value of ΔG° given.(a) O2(g) + 2F2(g) ⟶ 2OF2(g) ΔG° = −9.2 kJ(b) I2(s) + Br2(l) ⟶ 2IBr(g) ΔG° = 7.3 kJ(c) 2LiOH(s) + CO2(g) ⟶ Li2 CO3(s) + H2 O(g) ΔG° = −79 kJ(d) N2 O3(g) ⟶ NO(g) + NO2(g) ΔG° = −1.6 kJ(e) SnCl4(l) ⟶ SnCl4(l) ΔG° = 8.0 kJarrow_forwardPlease correct answer and don't use hend raitingarrow_forwardCalculate ΔG° for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature given.(a) H2(g)+I2(g)⟶2HI(g) T=400°C Kp=50.0(b) CaCO3(s)⟶CaO(s)+CO2(g) T=900°C Kp=1.04(c) HF(aq)+H2O(l)⟶H3O+(aq)+F−(aq) T=25°C Kp=7.2×10−4(d) AgBr(s)⟶Ag+(aq)+Br−(aq) T=25°C Kp=3.3×10−13arrow_forward
- Consider the following system at equilibrium where ΔΗ° = -10.4 kJ, and Kc = 55.6, at 6.98 × 10² K: H₂(g) + I2 (g) → 2HI(g) If the temperature on the equilibrium system is suddenly decreased: The value of K increases Odecreases Oremains the same The value of Qc Ois less thar K is greater than Kc [References] Ois equal to Kc The reaction must Orun in the forward direction to reestablish equilibrium Orun in the reverse direction to reestablish equilibrium Oremain in the current position, since it is already at equilibrium The concentration of I2 will Cincrease Odecrease Oremain the samearrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for each of the following reactions from the value G given. (a) I2(s)+Cl2(l)2ICl(g)G=10.88kJ (b) H2(g)+I2(s)2HI(g)G=3.4kJ (c) CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)G=39kJ (d) 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)G=141.82kJ (e) CS2(g)CS2(l)G=1.88kJarrow_forwardCalculate K at 25°C for each of the reactions referred to in Question 32. Assume smallest whole-number coefficients.arrow_forward
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