Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 18, Problem 2VCQ
Figure 18.22 If two species eat a different diet but one of the food sources is eliminated and both species are forced to eat the same foods, what change in the hybrid zone is most likely to occur?
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What is an example of how migration causes changes in gene frequencies?
Genetic material can become lost over time due to lack of reproduction when animals migrate.
When animals migrate, their genes mutate on their own, changing the frequency that a gene allele shows up.
When animals migrate, the mating becomes less random, causing inbreeding and, therefore, shifts in the proportion of alleles.
Seeds of plants are carried to different locations and introduced to a new population, adding their own genetic material and, therefore, changing gene frequencies.
Distinct species that are able to interbreed in nature are said to “hybridize,” and their offspring are called “hybrids.” The gray oak and the Gambel oak can mate to produce fertile hybrids in regions where they co-occur. However, the gene flow in nature is sufficiently limited that, overall, the two species remain phenotypically distinct. If the hybrid offspring survive well and reproduce to the extent that there is a large population of hybrid individuals that breed between themselves but do not interbreed with either of the two original parent species (the gray and the Gambel), which of the following would you say most likely led to the new hybrid species?(a) prezygotic reproductive barriers (b) sympatric speciation (c) allopatric speciation (d) postzygotic reproductive barriers (e) none of the above
An invasive species specialist often observes an introduced frog species spawning in small ponds right beside a native species of frog, but never observed any evidence of hybridization. What type of reproductive isolation mechanism is this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 18 - Figure 18.14 Which is most likely to survive,...Ch. 18 - Figure 18.22 If two species eat a different diet...Ch. 18 - Figure 18.23 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 18 - Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and...Ch. 18 - Which of the following situations will lead to...Ch. 18 - Which description is an example of a phenotype? A...Ch. 18 - Which situation is most likely an example of...Ch. 18 - Which situation would most likely lead to...Ch. 18 - What is the main difference between dispersal and...Ch. 18 - Which variable increases the likelihood of...
Ch. 18 - What is the main difference between autopolyploid...Ch. 18 - Which reproductive combination produces hybrids?...Ch. 18 - Which condition is the basis for a species to be...Ch. 18 - Which situation is not an example of a prezygotic...Ch. 18 - Which term is used to describe the continued...Ch. 18 - Which components of speciation would be least...Ch. 18 - If a person scatters a handful of garden pea plant...Ch. 18 - Why do scientists consider vestigial structures...Ch. 18 - How does the scientific meaning of “theory” differ...Ch. 18 - Explain why the statement that a monkey is more...Ch. 18 - Why do island chains provide ideal conditions for...Ch. 18 - Two species of fish had recently undergone...Ch. 18 - Why can polyploidy individuals lead to speciation...Ch. 18 - What do both rate of speciation models have in...Ch. 18 - Describe a situation where hybrid reproduction...
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- The approximately 600 species of cichlids in East Africa’s Lake Victoria have largely resulted from sympatric speciation. The closely related cichlids species P. pundamilia and P. nyererei are thought to have arisen by sexual selection. Mate choice by females strongly favors males of their own species that have different body colors. In recent years, pollution has caused the water of Lake Victoria to become turbid in some areas. Hybrids of P. pundamilia and P. nyererei were produced and the gene pools of the two species have started to fuse, creating a new hybrid species. In this process, what are the conditions that led to the fusion of P. pundamilia and P. nyererei? A. Only the prezygotic reproductive barrier is not complete for the two species. B. Only the postzygotic reproductive barrier is not complete for the two species. C. Both the prezygotic and the postzygotic reproductive barriers are complete for the two species. D. Both the prezygotic and the postzygotic reproductive…arrow_forwardTwo species of plants grow along a mountain slope. One species grows mainly at low altitudes, and the other grows mainly at higher altitudes. Occasionally, the two species hybridize producing hybrids that are better suited than the parental species to grow at intermediate altitudes. This scenario would lead to Question 7 options: reinforcement autopolyploidy a stable hybrid zone hybrid breakdown the fusion of the two speciesarrow_forwardIf a geographic barrier is removed and the two reunited populations intermingle and breed, what attributes must the offspring have in order for the two populations, according to the biological species concept, to be considered still the same species?arrow_forward
- Imagine there's a species of flower that blooms in early April. Some seeds are blown over a mountain and the offspring of those seeds start a new population on the other side. After several million years the mountain erodes and the two flower populations are reintroduced to each other. The population that lived on the far side of the mountain flowers in early May, while the other still flowers in early April. The two populations never hybridize, and become their own species. This is an example of: Gametic Barrier Temporal Isolation O Habitat Isolation O Behavioral Isolation 1.arrow_forwardDecide whether each of the following scenarios would lead to prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolation: a) Dragonflies from two different populations have genitals that do not match, so they can't mate successfully [Select ] b) Two different species of fish have very different courtship displays, but they can mate and produce a non-fertile offspring [Select] c) One species of plant flowers in the winter, while another flowers in early spring [ Select ] d) The gametes of two tree species can fuse, but a zygote does not form [ Select ] e) A mountain range separates two populations of snakes I Select]arrow_forwardA population of interbreeding birds has been split by a geological event after which the isolated part of the population started to evolve into an incipient species with different mating rituals. Due to a recent environmental change the two populations are now able to potentially mate again in what is called a hybrid zone. Mating does take place every now and then but the hybrid offspring appear less able to survive. As a consequence, mating rituals start to diverge even further. We call this process of continued divergence? O Fusion O Behavioral isolation Reinforcement O Postzygotic isolation O Stabilityarrow_forward
- Imagine there's a population of Cichlid fish living in a lake in East Africa. Some of the fish have a genetic predisposition to feed from the deeper parts of the lake and also enjoy breeding down there, while the other fish have a genetic predisposition to feed near the surface and enjoy breeding up there. Eventually, individuals from the upper parts of the lake stop breeding with individuals from the bottom because their hybrid offspring have poor fitness (and can't competitively feed at the top or bottom of the lake). These two sub-populations will likely experience and possibly evolve into two species. Genetic Drift Post-zygotic Isolation Directional Selection O Disruptive Selectionarrow_forwardThere is a fish species that lives in a lake. As the fish population grows, competition for food increases and a group of fish locates a new food source at a different depth in the lake. Over time, two populations with distinct morphologies that allow them to eat various food sources begins to occur in the lake. Which type of speciation (allopatric or sympatric) will mostly likely occur? Why?arrow_forwardAn event occurs where a large population of photosynthetic sun-basking sharks move to a new geographical location, and are unable to return. In their new location, they must rely much more on consuming fish for nutrients, as there are less available places to bask/rest, and higher risk for hunting if they remain at the surface for long periods of time. What type of prezygotic isolating mechanism occurred? In 100 years, how do you think the relocated sharks will differ physically from the original population? Give at least 2 features and explain why you think so.arrow_forward
- What are examples for gene flow? Select all that apply A distinct population of iguana drift to a new island that is already inhabited by members of the same species. A small population of humans colonizes a newly formed island. A fire drastically reduces the size of a white-tailed deer population. The remaining individuals spread out throughout the remaining forest. Wind blows pollen from one population of plants to another and cross-fertilization occurs. n An earthquake results in the formation of a canyon, splitting a population of toads apart.arrow_forwardDescribe two mechanisms that can decrease gene flowin sympatric populations, thereby making sympatricspeciation more likely to occur.arrow_forwardIf the hybrids do not become reproductively isolated from their parent species and form a new species, what are the three possible outcomes for the hybrid zone over time?arrow_forward
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