(a) Interpretation: The oxidation state of all atoms in NH 4 + should be assigned. Concept Introduction: The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction . In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements. Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases. Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases. Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element. Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 22QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in NH4+ should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in HCO3− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in OH− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in Cr2O72− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in C2H6 should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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(11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B Bond A Bond C a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. Weakest Bond Strongest Bond b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. c. (5pts) Use principles discussed in lecture, supported by relevant structures, to succinctly explain the why your part b (i) radical is more stable than your part b(ii) radical. Written explanation can be no more than one-two succinct sentence(s)!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 22QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in NH4+ should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in HCO3− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in OH− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in Cr2O72− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in C2H6 should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 22QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in NH4+ should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in HCO3− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in OH− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in Cr2O72− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in C2H6 should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 22QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in NH4+ should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in HCO3− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in OH− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in Cr2O72− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in C2H6 should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 22QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in NH4+ should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in HCO3− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in OH− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in Cr2O72− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in C2H6 should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 22QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in NH4+ should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 22QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in NH4+ should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in HCO3− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in HCO3− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in OH− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in OH− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in Cr2O72− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in Cr2O72− should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in C2H6 should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of all atoms in C2H6 should be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction process takes place is known as redox reaction. In this reaction, transfer of electrons takes place among the elements.

Oxidation is the process in which either loss of electrons, oxidation number increases, or loss of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is oxidized, when oxidation number increases.

Reduction is the process in which either gain of electrons, oxidation number decreases, or gain of hydrogen atoms takes place. An element is reduced, when oxidation number decreases.

Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form chemical bonding with an atom of another element.

Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1SC Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1CT Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2SC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3SC Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.4SC Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 1CT Ch. 18 - Sketch a galvanic cell, and explain how it works....Ch. 18 - Prob. 2ALQ Ch. 18 - Which of the following are oxidation-reduction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4ALQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the oxidation state of all atoms in HCO_3-.

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Chapter 18 Solutions