EBK INTEG.PRIN.OF ZOOLOGY
EBK INTEG.PRIN.OF ZOOLOGY
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411201
Author: HICKMAN
Publisher: MCG COURSE
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Chapter 18, Problem 1RQ

What is a cuticle?

Expert Solution & Answer
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Summary Introduction

To explain: The cuticle.

Introduction: Ecdysozoans are a group of protostome animals that include nematodes, arthropods, and numerous smaller phyla. They have a notable characteristic in which they possess a three-layered cuticle that is molted periodically as the animal grows.

Explanation of Solution

A tough, non-cellular, outer body layer of protostomes is called the cuticle. It is a non-living external layer secreted by the epidermis of many of the protostomes such as roundworms, annelids, and arthropods. The hardened or stiffened cuticle restricts the growth of the protostomes and in such cases, as the body size increases, the cuticle is molted and the outer layer is shed through the process of ecdysis.

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a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent.  b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involved
If you wanted to reduce the difference between peak and trough levels that occur with repeated administration of a drug, how would you adjust the dose and dose interval without changing the plateau concentration (plateau is the average of peak and trough levels)? Select your answers for both dose and interval. Hint: It may be helpful to think about this problem using an example such as food. How would you eat if you wanted to maintain very steady hunger/satiety levels without changing your total caloric intake? Options: A. Dose; Increase dose     B. Dose; Decrease dose     C. Dose; Do not change dose     D. Interval; Increase the interval between doses (give the drug less frequently)    E. Interval; Decrease the interval between doses (give the drug more frequently)     F. Interval; Do not change the interval
What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. Show the math
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