Laboratory Manual for Human Anatomy & Physiology Main Version
Laboratory Manual for Human Anatomy & Physiology Main Version
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781260159110
Author: Terry Martin
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Chapter 18, Problem 1PL
Summary Introduction

Introduction

Embryogenesis is the development of a fetus occurs. In this period all organs begins to develop and start functioning. Embryogenesis occurs after fertilization. When sperm meet to egg to form zygote then zygote starts dividing its cells to form blastula than organogenesis where organ starts to develop.

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Answer to Problem 1PL

Correct answer

The correct answer is an option (b) Development of the embryo and fetus progresses from cephalic toward caudal. 

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) cephalic is an embryo head. Caudal is an embryo tail. During the gastrulation period, the development starts from the head and ends with tail and orientation from front to back occurs. So, the correct answer is an option (b).

Explanation for incorrect answer

Option (a) Development of the embryo and fetus progresses from medial toward lateral. The development of an embryo always occurs from head to tail not from medial to lateral. So, this is an incorrect option.

Option (c) Development of the embryo and fetus progresses from anterior toward posterior. The development of a fetus always starts from head to tail and front to back. So, this is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) Development of the embryo and fetus progresses from inferior toward a superior. The development occurs from head to tail not from inferior toward a superior.

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You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?
You decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.
You implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb?  Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.
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