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The science of naming and classifying organisms is called __________. The related science of reconstructing and depicting evolutionary history is called __________. A group consisting of all organisms descended from a particular common ancestor is a(n) ____________.
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The given blank space in the statement, “the science of naming and classifying organisms is called ______. The related science of reconstructing and depicting evolutionary history is called _______. A group consisting of all organisms descended from a particular common ancestor is a _______.”
Introduction:
Classification of organisms is important in their respective hierarchical group. It helps in the prediction of earlier life forms on the basis of their character similarities. Also, classification set a standard format to study the organism in a new and better way. The systematic study of an organism based on certain perspectives help to establish a relationship between different kinds of species on the basis of their evolutionary characters.
Explanation of Solution
Taxonomy: It is a type of methodology used to classify the biologically active organism into their respective hierarchy. They are arranged and placed in a highly organized manner depending on the extent of shared characters. A taxon is described as one unit comprising of a specific type/group of organisms. This type of classification was first developed by Carolus Linnaeus. The classification consists of eight ranks: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Systematics: It is a type of study explaining the existence of various life forms present in their evolutionary aspects. This helps in establishing a relationship between the present organisms their ancestral species. The study is visualized and analyzed as an evolutionary tree. It is also known as phylogenetic trees. The main component of this study involves branching order and branching length. The classification and identification of species are done on the basis of the evolutionary changes. Thus, it is a method to study the extent of change in either the morphological or physiological trait in an organism via evolution.
Clades: It is a type of family tree of an organism, which joins its branches from a common ancestor to all organisms diversified from the ancestor. It is helpful in predicting the evolutionary history of an organism. The determining feature of this tree is based on the homologous characters of the organism. This establishes a relationship between the descendants of the organism to its recent form by analyzing them on various aspects.
Thus, the science of naming and classifying organisms is called taxonomy. The related science of reconstructing and depicting evolutionary history is called systematics. A group consisting of all organisms descended from a particular common ancestor is a clade.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
- Create a Venn Diagram to show the relatedness of these organisms. Start with the trait that is shared by all the organisms on the outside. Inside each box, write the organisms that have only that set of traits. Comparative Morphology Data. Using your text and prior knowledge, determine the morphological characteristics of the organisms in table. For every characteristic the organism possesses, put a check in that box. Limbs Has Organism Multicellular Segmented Body Jaws Hair (not fins) Bone Amoeba Sponge Earthworm Shark Lizard Kangaroo Dolphin Cat Molecular Evidence. Cytochrome c is a protein located in the mitochondria of cells involved with cellular respiration. Compare each organism's Cytochrome CDNA sequences with the ancestor cell and each other. Circle or highlight the differences (mutations) present in the cytochrome CDNA sequences from ancestor cell. ANCESTOR CE A TTAG CGACCAGTATAT C CTACA ATC CGT C TACTT CATTO ATTAGCG A CC AGTTTATCC TACAATC CCGTCTACTTCAT 11 ATTATCG AC CA G TT…arrow_forwardMatch the correct label to locations A, B and C on the figure below. Evolutionary history, or phylogeny, is represented visually by a phylogenetic tree. Trees have a common structure, with a root, nodes, and branches. To determine evolutionary relationships among living or extinct organisms, consider the most recent common ancestors. Lizard C: Natural selection leads to new species or groups of species. Eu Jin Chew/Dreamstime.com Crocodile B: This is the common ancestor of all organisms on the tree. Infographic 16.10 Dinion for Channing World Third Edition Gert Vrey/Dreamstime.com Dinosaur (extinct) Time musk/Alamy Bird Danita Delimont/Alamy A: This is the last common ancestor of the organisms above this point in the tree (in this case, dinosaurs and birds).arrow_forwardPlease answers all (3)arrow_forward
- A field of Biology that provides an in-depth understanding of how species evolve through genetic changes overtime. Cladistics Taxonomy Phylogenetics Systematicsarrow_forwardIn which type of classification system are names assigned only to groups that include a common ancestor and all of its descendants? Question 30 options: a system based entirely on evolutionary history a system based solely on cellular structures a system that groups organisms based solely on similar morphologies a system that groups organisms based on similar roles in the environmentarrow_forwardCreate a document with a list of the 8 levels of the taxonomic classification system. Research one organism from each of the following categories: bacteria, fungi, plant, fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal. Fill in the correct scientific name for each of the taxonomic levels beginning at domain. Compare and contrast the taxonomic profile of the organisms in the document below your list. How would you identify which organisms have more characteristics in common? Create a phylogenetic tree of the organisms that you selected.arrow_forward
- Redside Dace, an endangered species of fish we discussed in class, is also know as Clinostomus elongatus, which is also referred to as its _________________ nomenclature. evolutionary ecological monomial none of the options are correct trinomial A(n) ___________ phylogeny helped researchers realize that bats were the original source of the SARS virus. fossil based all of the options are correct RNA based DNA based morphology basedarrow_forwardWhich level of taxonomic classification will have the the most types of organisms included within it (i.e. the collective largest)? Phylum Domain Kingdom Order Genusarrow_forwardDefine the following term: -taxon (taxa) -operational taxonomic unit (OTU) -morphology -anatomy -flora -fauna -taxonomy -systematics -phylogenyarrow_forward
- The more complex a structure is the more likely it is that the organisms that have it share a common ancestor. True Falsearrow_forwardChoose the best correct answerarrow_forwardNatural selection acts upon ____________________________, evolution upon _______________________________. What is the gene pool and how does natural selection act upon it? If a version of a gene confers an advantage to survival and reproduction, that version of the gene will be favored by natural selection and we can expect the frequency of that gene to ______________________ within the population over time. Versions of the gene that do not confer an advantage (or confer a disadvantage) should become _______________ prevalent . This generation to generation change in the gene pool is called ________________________. Changes to the genetic makeup of a population and the individuals within it can arise via two mechanisms. List and describe both. Both of these processes are ________________________________. Once created, new combinations of genes will be acted upon by _________new alleles_______________________. How is Darwinian “fitness” different than the typical definition used in…arrow_forward
