
Concept explainers
The science of naming and classifying organisms is called __________. The related science of reconstructing and depicting evolutionary history is called __________. A group consisting of all organisms descended from a particular common ancestor is a(n) ____________.

To review:
The given blank space in the statement, “the science of naming and classifying organisms is called ______. The related science of reconstructing and depicting evolutionary history is called _______. A group consisting of all organisms descended from a particular common ancestor is a _______.”
Introduction:
Classification of organisms is important in their respective hierarchical group. It helps in the prediction of earlier life forms on the basis of their character similarities. Also, classification set a standard format to study the organism in a new and better way. The systematic study of an organism based on certain perspectives help to establish a relationship between different kinds of species on the basis of their evolutionary characters.
Explanation of Solution
Taxonomy: It is a type of methodology used to classify the biologically active organism into their respective hierarchy. They are arranged and placed in a highly organized manner depending on the extent of shared characters. A taxon is described as one unit comprising of a specific type/group of organisms. This type of classification was first developed by Carolus Linnaeus. The classification consists of eight ranks: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Systematics: It is a type of study explaining the existence of various life forms present in their evolutionary aspects. This helps in establishing a relationship between the present organisms their ancestral species. The study is visualized and analyzed as an evolutionary tree. It is also known as phylogenetic trees. The main component of this study involves branching order and branching length. The classification and identification of species are done on the basis of the evolutionary changes. Thus, it is a method to study the extent of change in either the morphological or physiological trait in an organism via evolution.
Clades: It is a type of family tree of an organism, which joins its branches from a common ancestor to all organisms diversified from the ancestor. It is helpful in predicting the evolutionary history of an organism. The determining feature of this tree is based on the homologous characters of the organism. This establishes a relationship between the descendants of the organism to its recent form by analyzing them on various aspects.
Thus, the science of naming and classifying organisms is called taxonomy. The related science of reconstructing and depicting evolutionary history is called systematics. A group consisting of all organisms descended from a particular common ancestor is a clade.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
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