Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259660269
Author: Sylvia S. Mader, Dr., Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill
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Chapter 18, Problem 1BYB
Summary Introduction

To determine:

The changes in the physical appearance of plants when they moved to lands.

Introduction:

The plants are the eukaryotic living beings. They are known as the chief producers of the terrestrial ecosystems. The evolutionary pattern of plants suggests that the primitive plants were aquatic, but later they moved to lands and adapted to the terrestrial environment.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

There have been various factors that enabled plants to evolve from living in water to living in land.

  • The development of waxy layer and cuticles help to retain water in plants and prevent water loss. This feature enabled them to survive in dry habitat.
  • To retain water and exchange gases small pores called stomata developed. These pores can open and close depending on weather conditions. Stomata close to retain water inside and open when weather cools down.
  • The development of embryo inside of the female plants after fertilization makes them reproduce in dry conditions, whereas algae release their embryo in water.
  • Development of vascular tissue called xylem and phloem in plants provides transport of water and nutrients up into the plant and food down from leaves to rest of the plants.
Conclusion

Factors which played a role in enabling plants to survive on land includes cuticle layer, stomata, embryo development and development of Xylem and phloem.

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Biology- Plant Kingdom - Diversity in Living Organisms - Part 4 - English - English; Author: Bodhaguru;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFgQ74EvfDQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY