(a) Interpretation: The HO- cannot be used as a base is to be explained. Concept introduction: The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes , this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.85P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The HO- cannot be used as a base is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction, including the structure of the intermediate species not shown there, is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

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Predict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. NaH (20°C) 2. CH3Br ? Some notes: • Draw only the major product, or products. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds where necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • If there are no products, just check the box under the drawing area. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G Cr

Predict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. LDA (-78°C) ? 2. Br Some notes: • Draw only the major product, or products. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. . • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds where necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • If there are no products, just check the box under the drawing area. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X

Please draw the structures

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.85P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The HO- cannot be used as a base is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction, including the structure of the intermediate species not shown there, is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.85P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The HO- cannot be used as a base is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction, including the structure of the intermediate species not shown there, is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.85P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The HO- cannot be used as a base is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction, including the structure of the intermediate species not shown there, is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.85P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The HO- cannot be used as a base is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction, including the structure of the intermediate species not shown there, is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.85P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The HO- cannot be used as a base is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.85P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The HO- cannot be used as a base is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction, including the structure of the intermediate species not shown there, is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given reaction, including the structure of the intermediate species not shown there, is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The aldol addition reaction with deprotonated imine, which contains a polar π bond, has acidic alpha hydrogen. Every aldol addition produces a β-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Like the enolate anion of ketone and aldehydes, this deprotonated imine can act as a nucleophile. The acidity of α hydrogen of an imine is much less acidic than that of ketone or aldehyde. So hydroxide is simply not a strong enough base to generate the enolate anion. The hydrolysis takes place under acidic condition to convert imine into an aldehyde.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

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